由摩擦产生的

The experimental results reveal that there is no apparent difference in the frequency of sounds generated by the friction and collision between two stones, although the sounds may differ in pressure.

由实验结果可知，摩擦与撞击这两种不同的运动机制所产生的地声音频讯号，除声压强度上会有显著的差异之外，其在频谱上并无太大的差异性存在，这可能是因为摩擦运动基本上也可视其为无数个小撞击运动，因此其所产生之地声声纹基本上大同小异。

The viscous torque can be calculated by a simple method and the frictional torque can be obtained by experiments. The torque dependent on the magnetic field is obtained by electromagnetic finite element analysis.

由动力粘度产生的力矩可以通过简单的方法进行计算，由摩擦产生的力矩可以通过实验测得，而由磁场产生的力矩则要通过电磁场的有限元分析得到。

The piezoelectric motor includes a piezoelectric member which generates a first vibration mode and a second vibration mode simultaneously by an applied power and a frictional member of which a portion is insertedly attached into a concave portion indentedly formed on one side of the piezoelectric member, wherein the frictional member is in an elliptic motion by the vibration generated by the piezoelectric member, so that an influence of the attachment of the frictional member to a resonance frequency can be minimized.

该压电电机包括：压电构件，通过施加的功率同时产生第一振动模式和第二振动模式；摩擦构件，摩擦构件的一部分插入地附着到凹入地形成在压电构件的一侧上的凹入部分中，其中，摩擦构件通过由压电构件产生的振动进行椭圆运动，从而能够使附着摩擦构件对谐振频率的影响最小化。

The working principle of the brake is generated by the friction brake to increase the output shaft damping, reducing the sensitivity of the rotation axis.

该刹车的工作原理是由摩擦产生制动，以增加输出轴阻尼，降低了旋转轴的灵敏度。

The output torque is made up of the torque caused by the magnetic field, the torque caused by the plastic viscosity of the MR fluid,and the torque caused by the coulomb friction.

阻尼力矩的模型主要由以下几部分组成：一是由磁场作用于磁流变液产生的力矩，二是由磁流变液的动力粘度产生的力矩，最后是由装置的摩擦产生的力矩。

Triboelectric currents are generated by charges created between a conductor and an insulator due to friction.

摩擦电电流是由导体和绝缘体之间摩擦产生的电荷生成的。

Triboelectric currents are generated by charges created by friction between a conductor and an insulator, such as between the conductor and the insulation of a coax cable.

摩擦电流是由导体和绝缘体之间的摩擦引起的电荷产生的，例如同轴电缆的导线和绝缘之间。

Friction power is generated by viscous friction loss of resistance, by the following formula, said

摩擦功率是指液体粘性阻力产生的摩擦损失，可由下式表示

The assembly of journal and plain bearing liner space is too little, force of organic still oil pressure is small it is the crucial index that affects lubricant result, make lubricate because of lacking engine oil between crankshaft and plain bearing liner and bite dead invalidation, include to be pulled badly, lack lube, layer of alloy of dry attrition generation is fused, grind sliding surface to did not maintain the oily film of certain ply, and all sorts of local overload exhaustion are destroyed, cavitation erosion and V form are destroyed etc, through technology of him director diesel locomotive old experience reachs the analysis of pair of its breakdown reasons, put forward precautionary measures especially. As a result of,the burns caustic mechanism plain bearing liner to burn caustic mechanism of 1 plain bearing liner is the lube film burst between journal and plain bearing liner, cause plain bearing liner and crankshaft generation clash, below high temperature, high pressure and high rotate speed, the wear-resisting alloy layer of plain bearing liner wears away prematurely or fuse, cause plain bearing liner and crankshaft to stick thereby bite, can make the steel back of plain bearing liner and Kong Zhong produces whirligig, inlet port is jammed, carry on the back by steel again with the friction of aperture causes high temperature to make plain bearing liner burned-out further, can cause bolt to break off, happen swing a malign accident that pounds cylinder body of bad internal-combustion engine.

轴颈和轴瓦的装配间隙太小，还有机油压力低是影响润滑效果的关键指标，使得曲轴和轴瓦之间因缺少机油润滑而咬死失效，包括严重拉伤，缺少润滑油，干摩擦产生合金层熔化，磨滑面没有保持一定厚度的油膜，以及各种局部过载疲惫破坏，气蚀和V形破坏等，通过本人主管内燃机车技术多年经验及对其故障原因的分析，特提出预防办法。1轴瓦的烧损机理轴瓦烧损的机理是由于轴颈和轴瓦之间的润滑油膜破裂，导致轴瓦和曲轴产生摩擦，在高温、高压和高转速下，轴瓦的耐磨合金层过早地磨损或熔化，从而引起轴瓦和曲轴粘咬，会使轴瓦的钢背和座孔中产生旋转运动，进油孔被堵塞，再由钢背和座孔的磨擦进一步引起高温使轴瓦烧坏，并会造成螺栓折断，发生甩出捣坏内燃机缸体的恶性事故。

In addition, there is a lot less heat build up in the cylinders from ring friction due to the finer honing pattern used in modern engines.

另外，由于现代发动机油缸使用精磨技术，由摩擦环产生的摩擦热要小得多。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。