由于...

Afterreflections on the long history of size effect studies, attention isfocused on three main types of size effects, namely the statistical sizeeffect due to randomness of strength, the energy release size effect,and the possible size effect due to fractality of fracture ormicrocracks.

在回顾了尺寸效应研究的悠远发展史以后，着重讨论了三种主要类型的尺寸效应，即由于强度随机性引起的统计尺寸效应、能量释放的尺寸效应和由于微裂纹或断裂的分形特性可能引起的尺寸效应。

Even for a skilled gem cutter, cutting emeralds presents a special challenge, firstly because of the high value of the raw crystals, and secondly because of the frequent inclusions.

为一把 熟练的宝石切削刀，切开绿宝石提出一个特别挑战，首先由于未加工的水晶的高价值，和第二由于频繁包括。

In part because of absolute increases in multiple gestations and in part because of higher rates of low birth weight among singleton infants conceived with this technology, the authors write.

作者写到：「部分是由于多胎妊娠的绝对增加，部分是由于采用该技术孕育的单胎婴儿中低出生体重的发生率更高。

This particular Chinese article is an extensive account of Ginger as a medicinal plant and its biomedical research results, and is full of classical Chinese medical quotes from doctors who lived in eras from the Tang Dynasty (more than 1,000 years ago) to the Qing Dynasty. Several native English speaking translators turned down the job because of the difficulty of the archaic language and the frontier biomedical research.

这是一篇中医百科全书中关于生姜的文章，是对生姜作为中药及其现代生物医学研究成果的详细描述，其中包括从唐朝以来著名中医对生姜的论述，由于涉及到医学古文和生物医学最新研究的内容，几位母语为英语的美国翻译都觉得太难而推辞了，其中有一位接了下来，但是翻译了8000多字后，由于做不下去而不做了。

Tri- sodium citrate with aqueous gold chloride were warmed up and mixed to make gold sol; The chicken IgG(anti-JG04 strain GPMV) was immobilized to a defined detection zone on a porous nitrocellulose membrane, while 3A_5 was conjugated to colloidal gold which served as a detection reagent.

在加样处沾取含有GPMV的尿囊液样品，GPMV与金标3A_5结合形成混合液，由于层析原理，混合液向上移动，在检测线上混和液中与金标颗粒结合的GPMV与鸡IgG结合，由于大量GPMV沉积在检测线上，出现红线；而如果尿囊液中不含有GPMV，检测线上不出现红线。

An instance is provided by Aristotle's famous saying that the typical tragic hero is one who falls from high state or fame, not through vice or depravity, but by some great _hamartia_. _Hamartia_ means originally a 'bad shot' or 'error', but is currently used for 'offence' or 'sin'.

亚里斯多德的一句名言提供了一个例证：典型的悲剧英雄是这样的人，他从高尚生活或者名誉中跌落并非由于罪恶或者堕落，而是由于某种巨大的&hamartia&，&hamartia&的原意是&坏的尝试&或者&过失&，但现在用为&冒犯&或者&罪恶&。

No; his hope was that as her life had been most likely one of toil and dependence, and as she was very young (nobody exactly knew her age, but she looked little more than twenty), she might never have formed any attachment, and that he, being the first to woo her, might by tender attentions, by generous watchfulness, by a love which should recall to her the father she had lost, and by a protecting care that should make him necessary to her, win her young heart, and obtain from her fresh and earliest love alone the promise of her hand.

不；他指望的是：由于她的生活很可能是一种辛苦的寄人篱下的生活，由于她十分年轻（没有人确切知道她的年龄，不过她看上去二十岁才出头一点儿），她很可能从来没有谈情说爱过，因此，他，作为第一个向她求婚的人，凭借温柔的殷勤，慷慨的关怀，凭借使她想起已经去世的父亲的那种挚爱，以及他对她那种让她觉得他是不可缺少的爱护，也许能赢得她年轻的心，独一无二地从她的崭新的初恋里取得她同意结婚的诺言。

Due to the limited coverage of each cell station, handovers becomes a necessary activity for mobile users. But handover activity also brings about new technical challenges to the network design.

由于用户处在移动中而基站的覆盖范围有限，因此用户就需要在基站间切换，由于切换而造成的用户掉话也是移动通信带来的新问题。

At the second turn, a bunch of fresh violets, thrown from a carriage filled with harlequins, indicated to Albert that, like himself and his friend, the peasants had changed their costume, also; and whether it was the result of chance, or whether a similar feeling had possessed them both, while he had changed his costume they had assumed his.

兜到第二圈，从一辆满载着女丑角的马车里抛来了一束新鲜的紫罗兰，阿尔贝马上明白了，象他和他的朋友一样，那些农民也换了装，而不知究竟是由于偶然的结果，还是由于双方有了一种心心相印的感觉，以致他换上了她们的服装，而她们却换上了他的。

They think that microwave can accelerate rate because MW heating can lead to overheat solvent and high pressure. And it is also possible that "heat spot" with high temperature in some materials cause the fast rate.

他们认为，微波引起速率加快是由于微波加热引起溶剂过热以及由高温而产生的压力引起的；也可能是由于在某些物质上形成比周围温度更高的热点'，造成速率加快。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。