田径

It also offers some suggestions on how to make the best use of the referee committee of track and field sports society as the brain truster and advisory body of decision in the construction and management of track and field sports referee staff, suggestions on taking a firm hold of teaching, helping and leading green-hands in completing the set of the orderly system of succession, and suggestions on improving the comprehensive management of the referee staff.

本文根据田径裁判工作的特点和要求，即工作的业余性，组织的松散性，室外工作，赛时集中；项目多样，规则复杂，规模不等，配套齐全，全面掌握，专长必擅，计量客观，直接见面，公正准确，独立裁决等，并通过对我国田径裁判员队伍基本现状的调查与分析，就如何加强田径裁判员队伍的建设与管理，提高其业务水平，试以初探。

The athletes of Yunnan have made the historical breakthrough and achievement in the 10th track and field events of National Sports Games, however, we still come to realize that the athletics level of Yunnan falls far behind that of strong province.

云南田径运动员在第十届全国运动会的田径比赛中有了历史性的突破，取得了一定的成绩，但是我们还是要知道，云南田径运动水平与田径强省依然有很大的差距。

The arena of track and field events is the main stage where the track and field activities carryed on,any adverse incidents occurred on arena may caused a great deal of negative impact on whole track and field event.

田径赛事的赛场是田径各项赛事活动发生的主要场所，也是最受人关注的焦点，赛场上任何不利事件的发生都有可能给田径赛事本身的顺利进行造成极大的负面影响。

The author analyzed the current state of the declining performance of Chinese athletes in traditionally advantageous track and field events, and considered that the backup talents for traditionally advantageous track and field events was short of supply for the following reasons: The serious difficult-job dodging ideology of local sports management leaders and the existing competition system have restricted the opportunity for current excellent athletes to temper themselves; blind training ideology existed in the training conception for traditionally advantageous track and field events; the coaching performance of coaches for traditionally advantageous track and field events was kind of poor.

摘 要：对我国田径传统优势项目下滑的现状进行了分析，认为原因在于田径传统优势项目后备人才乏人、地方体育管理决策层避重就轻思想严重、现行的竞赛制度减少了现役优秀运动员参加大赛磨练的机会、田径传统优势项目训练存在闭门造车现象、田径传统优势项目教练员执教水平的局限等。

This research designed and captured 18 indexes,including length,width,circumference of foot, height of first metatarsophalangeal articulations,height of the arch of foot,height of instep,length of instep,height of internal malleolus, height of external malleolus,area of heel,etc.After statistics analysis of these indexes in different loading situation,foot morphological characteristics at different work loads were collected, which could provide both data and experiment practices supp..ort to the database establishment of foot morphological indexes of Chinese track man.

本研究设计并提取了足长、足宽、足围、足趾高、足弓高、足背高、足面长、内踝高、外踝高和足跟面积等18个指标，对青年田径运动员在四种不同载荷下的足部外形进行统计分析，得到了一套青年田径运动员在不同载荷下的足部外形特征数据，此套数据可以为我国青年田径运动员足部外形指标数据库的建立提供实验操作经验及数据支持。

While for some indexes,such as length of medial longitudinal arch,length of lateral longitudinal arch,height of first metatarsophalangeal articulations,there is no longer changing with increasing load after adapting to a relatively lighter load.There is marked difference on the foot shapes between different items youth track man,especially for the throwers.Finally,five dimensions of foot morphological characteristics were found to establish the foot-shape-index-system,which are respectively metatarsophalangeal index,heel index,ankle index,arch of foot index and length of foot index,including 15 items.

更多载荷变化的影响；我国青年田径运动员的内侧纵弓长、外侧纵弓长、第一跖趾高、足背高、拇趾偏角、足跟面积等指标在一定载荷范围内变化明显，但超过承重范围则不再因载荷增大而变化；不同专项的青年田径运动员的足部外形指标间存在明显差异，以投掷项目运动员的差异最为突出；足长度指标、跖趾部指标、足弓部指标、足跟部指标、足踝部指标共15项内容为代表我国青年田径运动员足部外形特征的指标体系。

High-level ; Trackman ; Cognitive style ; Research

通过采用测量法、数理统计等方法，对参加2006年全国田径锦标赛的我国各省、直辖市、自治区的高水平田径运动员共93人进行调查研究，研友我国高水平田径运动员认知风格的现状、影响因素及运动员的认知风格与所从事的项目、竞技水平的关系，从而为运动员的选材和训练提供依据。

By analyzing the foot indexes variances of athletes at different loads, some useful conclusions have been discovered.Firstly,different weight-bearing has influence on the foot shapes of youth track man. Secondly,there is marked difference on the foot shapes between youth track man and common undergraduates.Then,Sensitive and non-sensitive indexes were discovered.Length,width of foot,height of internal malleolus,height of external malleolus,height of medial longitudinal arch,etc.varied significantly with the increasing work load.For length of instep,width of heel,toe angles,no differences were identified between sets.

通过对不同载荷承重下的青年田径运动员的足部外形指标的差异分析，得到以下结论：不同载荷压力对足部外形变化有一定影响：我国青年田径运动员在不同载荷下的足部外形指标与普通青年大学生存在较大差异；我国青年田径运动员的足长、足宽、内踝高、外踝高、内侧纵弓高等指标容易因载荷的不同而产生明显变化；我国青年田径运动员的足面长、足跟宽、跖趾斜宽角、自然前翘角等指标不易受到。。。

By analyzing the foot indexes variances of athletes at different loads, some useful conclusions have been discovered.Firstly,different weight-bearing has influence on the foot shapes of youth track man. Secondly,there is marked difference on the foot shapes between youth track man and common undergraduates.Then,Sensitive and non-sensitive indexes were discovered.Length,width of foot,height of internal malleolus,height of external malleolus,height of medial longitudinal arch,etc.varied significantly with the increasing work load.

通过对不同载荷承重下的青年田径运动员的足部外形指标的差异分析，得到以下结论：不同载荷压力对足部外形变化有一定影响：我国青年田径运动员在不同载荷下的足部外形指标与普通青年大学生存在较大差异；我国青年田径运动员的足长、足宽、内踝高、外踝高、内侧纵弓高等指标容易因载荷的不同而产生明显变化；我国青年田径运动员的足面长、足跟宽、跖趾斜宽角、自然前翘角等指标不易受到。。。

On this basis, the paper puts forward new assumption on the construction of track-and-field teaching contents of new type junior middle schools and more reasonable classification of track-and-field teaching, which provides reference strategies and implementing cases for the extension of teaching contents of junior middle schools.

在此基础上提出了新型初中田径教学内容的构建设想；较为合理的田径教学内容的分类；为初中田径教学内容的拓展提供了参考对策与实施案例。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。