用金属处理

At present, although finite element methods is a kind of effective measures in analyzing metal plastically forming problems with friction, dynamic friction in the process of metal forming is substituted with static friction and constant frictional force as one of independent constraint conditions is transposed to equivalent node-load or FEM unit is divided into contact unit and inner unit in numerous studys and applications, so that it result in relative bad accuracy and awkward operation. These defects mostly attribute to the fact that FEM bases on the variational equality principles, however frictional constraint will actually result in variational inequality energy functional.

目前，应用于分析金属塑性成形的有限元法是一种有效的处理摩擦效应的定量计算方法，但是许多应用和研究是用常摩擦来代替金属塑性成形过程中的动态摩擦；把常摩擦力作为单独的约束条件移置到等效结点载荷上或把有限元单元划分成接触单元和内单元，这些将导致解的精度相对不高及实际操作不方便等一系列问题，产生这些不足的重要原因之一在于它的理论基础是变分等式原理。

It is pointed out that under the condition of the temperature of 1120℃, the reaction time of 16 mm and the carbon content of 27%, the metal transformation rate of sponge iron used for general metallurgy is up to 90%. But the optimal carbon content is 29% for iron sponge to treat DSD acid oxidation wastewater. Under condition of the wastewater's pH value of 3 to 5 and the reaction time of 40min, the removal rates of COD and color are 68% and 90%, respectively. The BOD/COD ratio is up to 0.425 when DSD oxidation acid water is treated with sponge iron.

研究表明：在配碳量27%、反应温度1160℃、反应时间16min的情况下，以铁泥为原料制备的常规海绵铁的金属化率可达90%以上；用于处理DSD酸氧化废水的海绵铁适宜配碳量为29%，用制备出的海绵铁处理DSD酸氧化废水，在pH值3~5、反应时间40min时，出水的COD去除率可达68%、色度的去除率达90%、可生化性指标BOD/COD提高到0.425。

Wastewater treatment (oil, stone Of waste water, steel, metal processing, food processing, Zhiran, paper, chemicals, washing wool, and other wastewater); water water reuse, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis pretreatment, industrial water use.

废水处理（石油、石化废水、钢铁、金属加工、食品加工、织染、造纸、化工、洗羊毛等废水。）；水处理（中水回用、纳滤、反渗透预处理、工业用水。

Preparation of the cathode includes:shaping under the press of 40Mpa, sintering at 550℃for 1 hour and at 900℃for 8 hours and threading with molybdenum bar; Considering the literatures we choose CaCl2 as salt for preparation titanium. Pretreatment of salt is for 1 hour at 100℃and for 2 hours at 300℃. Partial pressure of oxygen which need lower than 5.11×10-7Pa to reduct titanium oxides and hygroscopic property of salt need a sealed equipment to electrolyse. And finally successfully designed a satisfied one and the results show that the equipment can be satisfied the requirment of the experiment. Flow of the inert gas is 1.5L/min, the voltage is 2.8 V, temperature is 850℃and time is 2 hours during pre-electrolysis. Flow of the inert gas is 0.2L/min, the voltage is 3.1 V, temperature is 900℃and time changes with the mass of TiO2 during electrolysis, namely the greater need the longer time; To eliminate influence of salt and other impurities, the products need to wash with distilled water and dilute chlorhydric acid , then wash with dilute hydrochloric acid under supersonic wave assistant. Finally, electrometical properties of the electrolysis of TiO2 is researched by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and results show that there are two main reodox steps, namely from TiO2 to TiO and from TiO to Ti.

阴极制备主要包括40MPa压力下模压成型、两段式烧结(1小时内升至550℃保温1小时，再1小时升温至900℃保温8小时)及烧结后TiO2块打孔用钼棒串接三个主要环节；实验中选用CaCl2作为电解熔盐，并对其进行预处理(100℃，保温1小时； 300℃，保温2小时)；经热力学计算，还原钛氧化物的氧分压至少要低于5.11×10-7Pa，结合电解过程中所用熔盐CaCl2有极强的吸水性的特点，电解装置应有较高的密封性，自行设计了一套密封性可靠的电解装置，便于实验过程中熔盐预处理和氧分压的控制；通过干燥处理预电解过程中Ar流量大约为1.5L/min、电压为2.8 V、温度为850℃、时间为2小时，电解过程中Ar流量大约为0.2L/min、电压为3.1V、温度为900℃，实验结果表明电解时间与TiO2质量密切相关，质量越大需要电解的时间越长；通过自来水冲洗—稀盐酸浸泡、洗涤—在超声波辅助作用下稀盐酸洗涤，可减少熔盐及其它杂质对电解产物检测结果的影响；最后，通过循环伏安法、计时电流法对电解机理的研究，确定电解还原TiO2制备金属钛主要经历了TiO2-TiO-Ti的过程。

H.伸缩环转动环伸缩环垫片前轴封 S D / L D / S L M E C H A N I C A L S E A L P U M P S SD/LD/SL SERIES PUMPS The SD/LD/SL series are dependable, self priming pumps. The full motor horsepower is translated into fow via the shaft. These pumps are used for a wide range of applications, from chemical transfer to process solution recirculation to waste treatment. This series is capable of self-priming up ro 20 feet of lift. The mechanical seal is a self-cooling, Tefon bellows which is cooled by the solution being pumped. The construction materials and seals avaiable make this pump extremely versatile. The horizontal design has a working temperature from167℉ to 194℉(75℃ to 90℃), depending on the material of construction, and can handle most chemical solutions. The SD/LD/SL series pumps are designed to run outside the tank or process module. The SD/LD series pumps incorporate a FRPP molded base, legs and pump-to-motor casing. There are no bolts or metallic parts in contact with the solution being pumped.

SD/LD/SL泵是可靠的自吸泵，马达全部的马力经由轴心完全转化为流量，此型泵广泛地使用於从化学药水循环或加工溶液循环到废水处理等各种用途，此型泵可自吸达20英呎，机械轴封是自我冷却的，经由抽送的溶液来冷却，可供应的不同结构材质及轴封使此种泵的用途非常多样化，依其结构材料的不同，其卧式设计的工作温度由75℃到90℃(167℉到194℉)，而且可处理绝大部份的各种溶液，SD/LD/SL是设计用於槽外或加工模组之用，SD/LD加入一个FRPP射出成型的脚座，脚架及泵到马达的外罩，没有螺栓或金属会接触到所抽送的溶液。

In this regard, our goal is to develop a glow-discharge method to functionalize titanium surfaces by the covalent immobilization of bioactive organic molecules.

钛金属圆片先以氩气电浆去除表面污染物，来产生可重复取得的清洁表面，接著用丙烯胺电浆处理，使丙烯胺聚合在钛金属表面，再以交链剂戊二醛将白蛋白与丙烯胺的胺基(-NH2)键结。

As flux used in light metal processing for metal surface treatment; as component in the production of aluminum-titanium-boron alloys and for the fabrication of grinding wheel and abrasive disc to reduce operating temperature; as flux used in welding; as fire retardent for cotton and artificial fibre; rodent for the removal of exposed lead in printed circuit board; chemical analytical reagent in electrochemistry; used to melt with silver, gold, stainless steel; as material to produce boron alloys.

作为熔剂用于轻金属加工对金属表面处理，制造铝钛硼合金和作砂轮研磨盘的成份，以降低操作温度；用于焊接上作助熔剂及制造其它氟盐的原料；用作棉花和人造纤维的阻燃剂，用来清除印刷电路中露出铅的侵蚀液；用于电化学合成的化学分析试剂，用于熔接和熔合银、金、不锈钢等金属，可做铝镁浇铸生产含硼合金的原料。

The filtration produced by our factory has such good performance as high temperature resistance, flame resistance, good chemical stability, excellent firmness strength, low chlorin evolution, metal melting erosion resistance, good quality of filtering sand and convenient use, which is widely used for foundry filtering netlike cloth , filtering treatment for metal melting and improving casting quality, in addition , for such industrial fields as filtering for chemical erosion liquid , tobacco leaf filtering net for environmental protection, and fire fighting.

本厂生产的铸造过滤网具有耐高温、耐烧蚀、化学稳定性好；良好的刚强度、发气量低、耐金属熔体冲刷、滤渣质量好、使用方便等优良的性能，被广泛用于铸造过滤网，对金属熔体进行过滤净化处理，改善铸件质量，还可用于化工腐蚀液体的过滤和环境保护用烟叶过滤网以及消防等工业领域。

Objective To improve metal-porcelain interfacial bond strength through treating the metal bottom with wiping crystal off and roughening it.

目的：通过用失晶粗化的方法对金属底层进行处理，以提高金属烤瓷的结合强度。

The results show that: the tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus increase by about 10.4%, 62.1% and 122.3% respectively when the mass fraction of the aluminum powder increases from 0 to 50%, while elongation at break and impact strength decrease by about 65.0 and 74.4% respectively; the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength all increase with decreasing the particle sizes of the aluminum powders.b Nylon-12 coated metal powders for the indirect SLS process were prepared by the dissolution precipitation process. The coated powders have only 1.0 wt% nylon-12, and their SLS green parts have sufficient strength for features as small as 1.0 mm to be built and post-processed and high dimensional accuracy. The green parts were subjected to the post processing processes including binder decomposition and infiltration of epoxy resin, and then the metal/polymer composite parts with relatively high strength and accuracy were formed.At present, micron-scale inorganic fillers have been widely used to reinforce nylon SLS parts.

将该法制备的尼龙12覆膜金属粉末用于以下两个方面：a使用铝粉增强尼龙12的SLS成形件，通过溶剂沉淀法制备尼龙12覆膜铝复合粉末，研究了铝粉含量及粒径对SLS成形件性能的影响，结果表明：铝粉分散均匀，并与基体有良好的界面粘接；当铝粉含量从0增加到50wt％时，成形件的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量分别提高10.4％、62.1％和122.3％，冲击强度和断裂伸长率下降65.0％和74.4％，耐热性及尺寸精度也得到提高；断裂伸长率、冲击强度及拉伸强度均随着铝粉粒径的减小而增大。b使用溶剂沉淀法制备了间接法SLS用尼龙12覆膜金属粉末，该覆膜粉末中聚合物粘接剂的含量仅为1.0 wt％，其SLS初始形坯具有较高的精度以及足够满足后处理要求的强度，最小精细结构的尺寸达1.0 mm。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。