用量

To decrease maufacture costs and improve the ratio of efficiency and outlay.The not exensive emulsifier, hydrophobe and other adminicle were mixed with self-made polyesters, siloxane-polyester copolymers to obtain defoamers which be better than imported.And the factors in the process of compound were studied particularly and systemically.the prime project is as follows:the siloxane-polyester copolymer is synthesized with PPG2000,PEG400,1% hydrogen-containing Polyhydrosiloxanes, hexane diacid,which mol ratio of materials is 7:3:6:5.emulsifying agents are SP-60 and tw-60,the value of HLB is 8.5.its dosage is 5%.the concentration of control- bubble resin is 5%. the concentration of liquid hydrocarbon A is 20%.

为进一步降低消泡剂的生产成本，提高其使用时的效费比，采用价格低廉的乳化剂、疏水剂及其他助剂与所制聚醚酯、有机硅改性聚醚酯进行复配，制取了性能优于进口产品的优质消泡剂；并对复配工艺各要素进行了详细、系统的研究；最佳配方为：PPG2000、PEG400、含氢量1%的硅油，己二酸以物质的量之比为7：3：6：5制成的有机硅改性聚醚酯，乳化剂选择SP-60/TW-60组合、HLB值为8.5、用量5%，抑泡树脂用量5%，液态烃A用量20%，液态烃B用量10%，疏水剂用量15%～20%。

Glyphosate brought the biggest vice-effects, clethodim took the second and fenoxaprop-p-ethyake minimum:(1)As to the pure growth, MDA accumulation, the relative permeability of plasma membrane and chlorophyll content, glyphosate had evident influences on them in the daily dosage, 1/2 and 1/4 of the daily dosage . The walnut seedling dried and died twenty days later.(2)The influences of clethodim in different concentration such as double daily dosage, daily dosage and 1/2 of daily dosage on the above four indexes demonstrated differently, the more concentration was, the more severe the influence. was. With the concentration reducing, the influence weakened gradually.(3) Double daily dosage, daily dosage and 1/2 daily dosage of fenoxaprop-p-ethy exerted a slight vice-influence to the MDA accumulation, the relative permeability of plasma membrane and chlorophyll content.

1用草甘膦常用量、1/2倍常用量、1/4倍常用量处理之后，对核桃苗新梢生长量、叶片中丙二醛含量、膜相对透性以及叶片中叶绿素含量的影响最大，几乎所有样枝的新梢在药后20天后都发生干枯及死亡现象；(2)用收乐通2倍常用量、常用量、1/2倍常用量处理之后，对核桃苗的新梢生长量、叶片中丙二醛含量、膜相对透性及叶片中叶绿素含量的影响，呈现出浓度不同影响亦不同的现象，浓度越大，影响越明显，随着浓度的降低，影响也逐渐减弱；(3)用威霸2倍常用量、常用量、1/2倍常用量处理之后，对核桃苗新梢生长量、叶片中丙二醛含量、膜相对透性及叶片中叶绿素含量的影响最小；(4)三种除草剂对核桃苗的影响随着药后时间的延长，其影响在逐渐减小。

The results show that the effect of quantity of initiator 、 dosage ratio between persulfates and Sodium Thiosulfate、reaction temperature、reaction time、crosslinking agent and the dosage of NaAA onGR、GE and WAR is significant.

实验结果表明：引发剂用量、反应温度、时间、和单体用量在制备腻子型吸水膨胀天然橡胶中对天然橡胶的接枝率有显著的影响，在本实验研究范围内的最佳工艺为：反应温度为40℃，反应时间为1小时，引发剂用量为0.50%，单体用量为100%，交联剂用量为2.00×10-4mol。

It was found that vegetable compound wax prepared from 16.7% vegetable wax, 18.8%, 58.3%, 4.1% and 2.1% exhibited excellent performance having needle penetration of 68 (1/10) mm, drop melting point of 60℃, kinematic viscosity of 8.13 mm2/s and its oil content was 34.81%. Besides, it was convenient to be used and transported since it was solid at ambient temperature, thus, it was an ideal oil phase material for emulsion explosive.

当植物蜡用量为16.7%、减五线馏分油用量为18.8%、减四线蜡下油用量为58.3%、微晶蜡用量为4.1%、石油树脂用量为2.1%时，制得的植物型乳化炸药专用复合蜡针入度68 （1/10）mm、滴熔点60℃、运动粘度8.13mm2/s、含油量34.81%，其性能优异，常温下呈固态，方便使用和运输，是乳化炸药理想的油相材料。

The results showed that when 0.3 g of divinyl benzene was used as crosslinking agent, the crosslinking degree increased significantly from 28.26% to 90.95% with the increase of MAA amount from 4.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, and this increase became slowly as MAA amount was more than 10.0 mol%; the particle volume expansion was increased gradually as MAA amount increased, and reached a maximum of 42.1% when 12.0 mol% of MAA was used, and perfect porous morphology inside particles was observed even when the crosslinking degree reached 95.4% at 14.0 mol% of MAA.

结果表明：在交联剂二乙烯基苯用量一定(0.3 g)的条件下，随着MAA用量从4.0 mol%增加到 10.0 mol%，聚合物交联程度从28.26%迅速增大至90.95%，当其用量超过10.0 mol%后 P x增大趋势变缓；随着MAA用量的增加，处理后胶粒体积膨胀百分率逐渐增大，在MAA用量为12.0 mol%时Δ V 达到42.1%的最大值，当MAA用量增大到14.0 mol%时，尽管 P x高达95.44%，胶粒仍具有完好的孔状结构。

The results show that the introducing of multivinyl monomer and CaCO3 can slow down polymerization rate to different extent.Using 1％～5％ trimethylolpropane trimetbacrylateor divinyl benzene,tight encapsulation of CaCO3 can be realized and beyond 94％PS cannot be extracted. The amount of crosslinker or emulsifier should be accommodated when the load amount of CaCO3 is increased.CaCO3 content in the product increases consequently with the increase of the loaded amount of CaCO3,which can be known from FT-IR and TGA.TEM observations reveal that when the load amount of CaCO3 is 14.8％,most CaCO3 particles are encapsulated and each latex particle contains one CaCO3 particle.Composite particles have well-defined core—shell structure and the thickness of polymer shells is around 10 nm.However,the thickness of polymer shell decreases and many free CaCO3 particles appear when the load amount of CaCO3 reaches 29.3％and 58.7％,respectively.

结果表明，多乙烯基单体以及碳酸钙的引入会使聚合反应速率有不同程度的降低；使用1%～5%的TMPTMA或DVB，可实现PS对碳酸钙颗粒的牢固包覆，不可抽提的PS达94%以上；当碳酸钙用量改变时，需要适当调整乳化剂和多乙烯基单体的用量；IR和TGA的结果表明，随着碳酸钙用量增加，产物中的碳酸钙含量也相应增加；TEM照片和计算结果显示，当碳酸钙用量为14.8%时，绝大部分碳酸钙颗粒被包覆，且基本上每个乳胶粒中包覆一个碳酸钙颗粒，复合粒子具有清晰的核壳结构，壳层厚度约为10 nm，而当碳酸钙用量增加到29.3%和58.7%时，壳层厚度减小，并且出现较多裸露的碳酸钙颗粒。

Results showed that the monomer conversion increased slightly in the presence of the crosslinking agents The size of particles decreased slowh as the amount of cmsslinking agent increased.and the size distribution of the particles broadened at a higher amount of cmsslinking agent Divinyl benzene was more effective than ethyl glycol dimethyl methacrylate to make polymer crosslinked.During alkali treatment process,void latex particles can be obtained when no DVB or less than 0.5 wt％ of EGDMA was used,while muhihollow structure was generated when DVB or more than 1.0 wt％ of EGDMA was introduced.The volume expansion of the particles decreased with increasing the amount of emsslinkirlg agents.

结果表明，体系中加入交联剂后，单体转化率都有不同程度的提高；随交联剂用量的增加，乳胶粒粒径略有减小，交联剂用量较高时，乳胶粒粒径分布加宽；二乙烯基苯的交联效率稍高于双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯；不加入交联剂及EGDMA用量低于0.5%时，处理后乳胶粒呈空腔结构，加入DVB及EGDMA用量高于1.0%时，处理后乳胶粒呈多孔结构，并且乳胶粒体积增量随交联剂用量的增加而减小。

Although there are few of impurities in haloid water, in order to ensure the quality of the products, we have to purify it.

选出了最佳的三者之间用量关系，为：卤水用量：氨水用量=卜0.221；氨水用量：碳酸氢馁用量=1：0.61。

The optimum conditions for making microspheres were obtained via orthogonal experiment with adsorptive capacity as the index as follows: the mass fraction of water phase is 2%(ratio between starch and β-cyclodextrin is 1:2), 110 mL oil, 3.3 g Span60, 6.6 g Tween60, 15 mL water, 18 mL assistant surfactant, 0.07 g metaphosphoric acid trisodium salt. The microspheres were characterized by microscope and the average particle size is about 329.3 nm with productive rate of 41%.

结果表明，质量分数为2%的可溶性淀粉与β-环糊精溶液为水相（二者的质量比为1：2），油相用量为110 mL，水相用量为15 mL，乳化剂Span60用量为3.3 g，Tween60用量为6.6 g，助乳化剂用量为18 mL，三偏磷酸钠用量为0.07 g，制备得到的复合纳米微球在扫描电子显微镜下，微球大小分布均匀，所得纳米微球产率为41%，平均粒径为329.3 nm。

The best conditions for deinking agent h were: pulping consistency, 10%; pulping temperature, 60 C; pulping time, 20min; no heating preservation; flotation temperature, 60 C; flotation time, 8min; flotation consistency, 0.8%; deinking agent dosage, 0.1%; deinking agent addition point, 30% in pulper and 70% in flotation cell; Na2SiO3 dosage, 3%; EDTA dosage, 0.2%; NaOH dosage, 1%; H2O2 dosage, 2%; Na2SO4 dosage, 1%.

脱墨剂h的最佳脱墨条件为：碎浆浓度，10％；碎浆温度，60℃；碎浆时间，20min；不保温；浮选温度，60℃；浮选时间，8min；浮选浓度，0.8％；脱墨剂h用量，0.2％；脱墨剂加入点，30％加入碎浆机中，70％加入浮选槽中；硅酸钠用量，2％；EDTA用量，0.2％；氢氧化钠用量，1％；过氧化氢用量，2％；硫酸钠用量，1％。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。