用这种方法

Simplier and more efficient ion extraction methods for atomic vapor laser isotope separation AVLIS were evaluated using a 2-D electron-equilibrium model to compute and compare three electrostatic methods the parallel electrode method, the Π type electrode method, and the improved M type electrode method.

为探索用于原子蒸气激光同位素分离AVLIS的简单有效的离子引出方法，用二维流体理论电子平衡模型计算比较了3种静电场方法平行板电场法，Π型电极法，改进M型电极法计算发现，二维流体理论电子平衡模型并不能很好地描述Π型电极法对另外两种静电场方法，计算了不同外加电压、不同的初始原子密度和不同的目标同位素丰度等条件下的离子引出情况从计算结果可以看出，改进M型电极法不论是从离子引出时间还是从碰撞损失率，都要比平行板电极法好得多当外加电压较高或初始原子密度较高时，这种好处就更加明显因此，改进M型电极法是一种可供实际采用的比较好的静电场方法

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

TNFR1/RANK chimera cloning of cDNA, with its plat E-retroviral package by retroviral infection such transfer to TNFR1/R2 gene knock-out mice (TNFR1-/R2-) Bone marrow macrophages in; TNFɑ used to stimulate, respectively, to observe the OC and differentiation of bone re-absorption capacity; confirmed by Western Blot method TNFR1/RANK through NF-?

克隆TNFR1/RANK嵌合体的cDNA，用plat E将其包装成逆转录病毒，通过感染将这种逆转录病毒转染到敲除TNFR1/R2基因的小鼠(TNFR1-/R2-)骨髓巨噬细胞中；用TNFɑ刺激，分别观察OC的分化及骨的重吸收能力；用Western Blot方法证实TNFR1/RANK是通过NF-？

In another word, the status does not exist that a painter should learn from nature "purely" without any "prejudice" and paint realistically by facing an object to paint out what he or she has perceived. To obtain such capability, painting learners or students shall use their eyes (teachers ask students in the painting class "where are your eyes and your perceptions") to observe objects and things at the beginning of study and then paint the models faithfully by means of "facade-subdivision"(or "preferring to square not round" as described by Xu Beihong, or decomposing the object into many petty facades as described in the line drawing textbook by P.P. Chistjakov so as to turn around the object bit by bit).

也就是说，不存在这样一种状态，画家为了画出自己的感觉，他们应该"纯洁"地不带"偏见"地去向自然学习，去面对物体直截了当地写生，而为了获得这种能力，在学习绘画的初始阶段，就必须训练学生们用自己的眼睛(在绘画课室里，老师总是质问学生，你的眼睛在哪里，你的感觉在哪里)去观察对象，然后用一种"分面"的方法(也就是徐悲鸿所说的"宁方勿圆"，或者按照据说是契斯恰科夫的素描教程的要求把对象分解成许多小面，以便使物体能够一点一点地转过去的方法)把眼前的模特如实地画下来。

The testing results illustrated that this method of estimation may be used to evaluate the security and reliability of steel served under dynamic load, and may be used to evaluated the reiteration and reliability of Hopkinson test, too.

研究结果表明，这种估算方法是可行的，可以用简单的示波冲击实验代替复杂的应力波冲击实验。该估算方法可以用来评估动态服役用钢的安全性和可靠性，也可以作为评估Hopkinson实验的重复性和可靠性的一种方法。

Using the perspective drawing formation principle,this paper makes comprehensive elaboration of one-point perspective,two-point perspectives and three-point perspectives formation principle with the matrix representation method,and infers one essential method to these three kinds of perspectives formation principle which the perspective reverses,uses this essential method to reverse the picture's some characteristic point coordinates,then completes the reconstruction object's three-dimensional model with these characteristic point coordinates and carries on the confirmation using the surface,the body,these two kinds of fundamental elements as examples.

利用透视图的形成原理，对一点透视、两点透视和三点透视的形成原理用矩阵表示的方法作了全面的阐述，并对这三种透视的形成原理进行反推，推导出透视反求的一种基本方法，利用这种基本方法反求出图片的一些特征点的坐标，然后用这些特征点的坐标来完成重建物体的三维模型，并以图像中面、体两种基本元素为例进行了验证。

Occasionally, this comprehensive approach has allowed riparians to move beyond looking at water as a commodity to be divided — a zero-sum, rights-based approach — and rather to develop an approach that equitably allocates not the water, but the benefits derived there from — a positive-sum, integrative approach,.

偶尔，这种全面的方法也允许流域国超越用日用品分配的方法看待水——一种零和的权利本位的方法，建立一种不是公平分配水，而是分配水所得的利益——一种正和的综合的方法

Hence,in the history of philosophy,F.Bacon laid the foundation of EI,J.S.Miller made EI systematized and worked out its inference model,and C.D.

培根奠定了排除归纳法的基础，穆勒将这种方法系统化并整理出它的推理模式，布罗德用条件概念分析因果关系。

However, with the method used in this experiment, the term of the A.P.

但仅用这种实验方法无法得到神经干的动作电位时程和绝对不应期。

It needs only once measurement result,and can converge to the real angle of target in certain initial error range.It is similar to the complex-angle method proposed by S.M.

这种方法仅用雷达的一次测量结果就能使仰角估计在一定的初始误差范围内自适应地收敛到目标的真实仰角。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷