用显微镜可见的

Our lab has many types of equipment, such as full-size ultracentrifuge, benchtop refrigerated ultracentrifuge, gel documentation system, ice machine, MILLIPORE, PCR thermocycler, autoclave, ultra freezer, UV/visible spectrophotometer, UV transilluminator, ultrasonic cleaner, culture shaker, stir plate, low-speed and full size centrifuge, automatic Kjeldahl distillation, gas chromatograph, HPLC system, fluorescence microscope, fatex, gliding microtome.

仪器设备包括生物育种用的高速冷冻离心机、台式冷冻离心机、凝胶成像分析系统、制冰机、超纯水制备系统、PCR仪、高压灭菌器、超低温冰箱、紫外可见分光光度计、紫外观测仪、超声波清洗、恒温摇床、磁力搅拌器、低速大容量离心机、全自动凯氏定氮仪、气相色谱仪、液相色谱仪、荧光显微镜、脂肪测定仪，冷冻切片机等40余件。

Too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be studied under a microscope .

非用显微镜不可见的；微观的用肉眼不可见的但是可以用显微镜观察的

A Too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be studied under a microscope.

非用显微镜不可见的；微观的：用肉眼不可见的但是可以用显微镜观察的

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

To investigate the expression, location and function, long distance PCR was used to expand the targets containing open reading frame. The expressive vectors of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells were constructed after product purification and connecting with vectors. The prokayotic vectors were induced to express the protein by IPTG and the protein was seen by denaturalization PAG electrophoresis and dyeing. The eukayotic expressive vectors were transfected into culture cells and the protein was found in the nulceolus under the observation of the confocal microscope. The transfected cells were chosen by the geneticin (G418). The cell cyele was examined by flow cytometer and the cell numbers were reduced obviously in the stage of G〓-G〓 and G〓-M, but increased distinguishably in the S stage.

为研究磷酸化应激诱导蛋白的表达、定位和功能，采用了长距离聚合酶链反应扩增含有开放阅读框架的靶片段，经产物纯化、与载体连接，分别构建了STIP1基因的原核表达载体和真核表达载体；IPTG诱导原核表达载体，变性聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳与染色后，可见相应大小的蛋白质表达；STIP1基因的真核表达载体转染细胞系后，共聚焦显微镜下观察STIP1蛋白主要分布于细胞核内；用药物筛选STIP1基因转染的细胞后，流式细胞仪检测细胞周期，可见G〓-G〓期和G〓-M期的细胞明显降低，S期细胞明显增多。

By dehydrochlorination reaction the poly[(2-methoxyl-5-octyloxy)phenylene vinylene] is synthesized and the material"s structure is characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectrum, ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry. At the meantime, the fluorescence spectrum is measured and the mechanism of fluorescence occurring is analyzed. Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer"s results show that the MO-PPV"s thermal stability is fine. Also the experiment of resolvable property indicates that the MO-PPV can well dissolve in chloroform. Through analyzing the film"s surface by Metaloscope and Atomic Force Microscope, the good filming is found.

通过脱氯缩合法合成了聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)对苯乙炔，并分别用核磁共振波谱法、红外吸收光谱法、紫外-可见分光光度法等对其进行了结构表征；测量了样品的荧光光谱，分析了荧光产生的机理；热失重仪分析了材料的热稳定性，研究表明MO-PPV材料具有良好的热稳定性；溶解性实验发现材料在氯仿中溶解性较好；金相显微镜和原子力显微镜研究了薄膜的表面形貌，发现该材料的成膜性良好；材料的导电性研究表明，固体材料在掺杂下才可以表现出导电特性，而配成溶液的材料导电性因溶剂的不同而不同，并随溶解时间的长短发生变化。

The gemological characteristics of lemon-yellow serpentine jade are studied by the conventional gemology instrument and the polarizing microscope; the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible light absorption spectra, X-ray power diffraction and electron probe quantitative analysis have also been used to study the lemon-yellow serpentine jade.

通过常规的宝石学仪器和偏光显微镜来研究柠檬黄色的蛇纹石玉的宝石学性质，进一步用Fourier变换红外光谱、紫外－可见吸收光谱、X射线粉晶衍射和电子探针定量分析对柠檬黄色的蛇纹石玉进行研究，结果表明：这种柠檬黄色的蛇纹石玉主要成分为利蛇纹石，含有少量的纤蛇纹石、水镁石、橄榄石、菱镁矿等。

Various techniques, such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, Religh light-scattering spectrum, were used to characterize gold nanoparticle and the 3D net structure.

用紫外-可见光谱、光散射光谱、透射电子显微镜等手段对胱氨酸组装前后的金纳米粒子进行了表征。

The samples made by this technology were exposed to a salt spray box.

所制备的试样经盐雾腐蚀后表面出现明显的荧光斑点，荧光斑点处用光学显微镜观测可见腐蚀现象，而在可见光下观测并未有明显变化。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。