用合成法合成

First, we extract the boundaries between two different materials by weighting with gray-level gradient,and only voxels on these boundaries participate in the generation of each image, so it drastically reduces the rendering time. Second. We think the voxels on boundaries as the mixture of different materials,so in every voxel there is a surface. We use the oriented cube-interpolation technique to get the intersection point of viewing orientation and the surface in the voxel, then compute the surface normal of the intersection point. We use the normal to shade the voxel in order to improve the image quality.

首先，采用灰度梯度加权提取出三维数据场中不同物质间的边界，根据显示的需要只对这些边界上的体元赋予相应的阻光度并进行光亮度合成计算，因而可大大减少计算量，提高显示的速度；将边界上的体元作为不同物质的混合体，采用与方向有关的三线性插值来计算视线方向与体素内等值面的交点，根据交点的法向量进行光照效应计算以提高显示图像的质量；最后用投影成像法显示最终的图像。

The specific properties of materials, such as the palate adhesion, dynamic cruor, anti-bacterial and the degradability of lysozyme, were studied, which provide valuable data for further application. The main creative ideas are listed as follows:(1) The water-retention chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol blend fiber was obtained by coagulating in 10％ NaOH/ethanol solution, and the blend and crosslink due to GA can enhance the mechanical properties of fiber;(2) The controlled degradable chitosan/gelatin blend fiber was obtained by solution filature, and the mechanical properties were improved;(3) The N-acylchitosan with the different degree of substitution were successfully prepared, and the relationship between structure and properties was estabilished;(4) By a new solvent system of 6％ NaOH/4％ urea for cellulose, the blood anti-coagulant function films were prepared by blending cellulose with chitin;(5) In the same solvent system above mentioned, the anti-bacterial blend films based on cellulose and carboxymethyl-chitosan were prepared, and the relationship of DS and the anti-bacterial property was concluded;(6) The controlled degradable chitosan films was obtained by the chemical crosslink.

本论文的主要创新点：（1）以NaOH水溶液／无水乙醇为凝固液，采用溶液纺丝法制备出保水性壳聚糖／聚乙烯醇纤维，共混和戊二醛交联极大提高了壳聚糖纤维力学性能；（2）用壳聚糖和明胶共混，以溶液纺丝法制备出可控降解的壳聚糖／明胶纤维，并大幅度提高了壳聚糖共混纤维的干、湿态抗张强度；（3）确立了不同取代度N-酰基壳聚糖的合成方法及其膜的结构与性能的关系；（4）利用纤维素新溶剂6％NaOH／4％尿素制备出抗凝血性纤维素／甲壳素共混膜；（5）利用上述纤维素新溶剂制备出抗菌性纤维素／羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜，揭示了羧甲基壳聚糖取代度与抗菌性能的关系；（6）制备出可控降解壳聚糖交联膜。

Two methods (Bondi Mueller method and Cortese method )which need not ethyl chloroformate as material or reagent for the synthesis of sodium taurocholate are selected for comparative studies,and the technical conditions,purity and yield of products related to the two methods are compared.

选择无需用氯甲酸乙酯作原料的邦迪缪勒法和柯特斯法进行牛磺胆酸钠的合成研究。

Supported solid bases and metal oxide catalysts were prepared successfully by isochoric impregnation and the co-precipitation method, and were used for synthesis of biodiesel from transesterification of rapeseed oil and methanol. The high active solid base catalysts: KF/Al2O3, ZnO/La2O3 and La2O3 were found in this paper.

本文用等体积浸渍法和共沉淀法制备了负载型和金属氧化物型固体碱催化剂，并应用于催化菜籽油与甲醇酯交换合成生物柴油的反应，筛选出了高活性的KF/Al2O3，ZnO/La2O3和La2O3三种固体碱催化剂。

Calcium montmorillonite was prepared by purifying LeXi bentonite with wet method two times. After purification, sodium modification of Ca-M was studied. A series of Fe/Cr-pillared montmorillonites were prepared with conventional method using sodium montmorillonite as experimental materials, and synthesis condition of Fe/Cr-PILM was studied and optimized. In order to shorten the preparation cycle of PILM by overleaping the step of sodium modification of Ca-M, the pretreatment technique for Ca-M has been pointed out for the first time. A series of PILMs were prepared with hydrothermal method using pretreated Ca-M as starting materials, which show that pretreatment of Ca-M is feasible.

然后，本文以莱西膨润土为原料，用二次湿法提纯了-2μm的钙基蒙脱石，对其进行了钠化改型研究；以改型后的钠基蒙脱石为原料，新型的铁、铬复合离子为柱化剂，研究并优化了常规离子交换法制备PILM的工艺；为了简化PILM的制备工艺，我们首次提出了蒙脱石的预处理工艺，希望通过预处理后可以省去蒙脱石的钠化工艺，以Ca-M为原料直接合成PILM。

The reaction mechanism was studied and the proposed methods were applied to the determination of SOD activity.Second, baded on sodium terephthalate trapping HO, an automated spectrofluorimetry for determining HO with flow injection analysis was developed. It was applied to the anti-oxidation determination of maize pollen polysaccharose and natural foods.

一设计合成了两种用于超氧阴离子自由基识别检测的荧光探针——香草醛缩-8-氨基喹啉和2-吡啶甲醛苯并噻唑啉，用普通荧光法和流动注射荧光法对超氧阴离子自由基进行分析测定，研究了反应机理，并将其用于超氧阴离子自由基和超氧化物歧化酶活性的测定。

Study on Crystalline and Properties of N',N-Bis-3,4,9,10-Perylene Tetracarboxylic Diimide;2. The effects of the crystalline of the titania nanotube were studied by the means of TEM and XRD etc.

用不同TiO2作原料，在一般水热法和微波法条件下，制备TiO2纳米管，通过TEM、XRD等表征手段，研究了影响合成TiO2纳米管晶型的因素，提出了影响纳米管晶型结构的机理。

n thes paper, the oligomers with different molecular weight of monohydroxylpolyethersulfones were synthesized in solution and the optimum condition ofpolymerization was obtained; With phase transfer catalyst method,the oligomerswas obtained and transformed to monovinylpolyethersulfones macromer. Its structure was characterized with IR and 1H-NMR.

本文采用溶液法以单酚（4－氯－4'－羟基二苯砜）为原料合成了不同聚合度的单酚低聚体，得到了控制聚合度的最佳聚合条件；用相转移催化剂法成功地将单酚转化为单烯大分子单体，并用IR、1H—NMR对其结构进行了表征；测定了双键官能度均在1.90以上。

In this research, B2 gene of HCV was highly expressed as a fusion protein (Trx-B2) by cloning into pThioHisA, and induced specific anti-HCV antibody in higher titer than unmodified B2 protein after immunize mice or rabbit.The results showed antigen Trx-B2 has obvious immunogenicity and induced specific antibody,which might be able to serve as diagnosis HCV. Consequently, this PcAb of rabbit was used to coated Immulon plate, and a method of both antibodys sandwiching antigens was developed to detect 32 HCV positive serum and 32 nomal serum.Results show that ratio of positive are 87.5%and 43.75% respectively.

但缺点是该抗原所诱导的抗体滴度较低，可能是由于其分子量较小，所以本课题将人工合成的HCV复合多表位抗原基因B_2克隆到表达载体pThioHisA中，利用硫氧还蛋白融合方式对该抗原进行修饰，并在大肠杆菌中表达融合蛋白(Trx-B_2)，纯化该蛋白后免疫小鼠及家兔，结果表明用硫氧还蛋白修饰后的融合蛋白免疫小鼠和家兔后，得到的抗体滴度均高于未经修饰过的复合多表位抗原合成肽所诱导的抗体滴度，并从免疫后的兔血清中提取IgG包被酶联板，利用双抗夹心法分别检测了32份HCV阳性血清和32份正常人的血清，结果阳性率分别为87.5%和43.75%，符合率为71.88%。

A chiral phase transfer catalyst, N-benzyl quinine bromide, was synthesized from natural chiral compound. And 2,5-bimethyl-4-(3-nitrobenzene)-1,4-bihydrogenation pyridine-3--4-methyl formate (viz. nitrendipine) was synthesized by this chiral phase transfer catalysis, and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrum,1H nuclear magnetic resornace, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.Key words: ammonium; chiral phase transfer catalyser; crystal structure

通过对天然手性物质进行修饰合成手性相转移催化剂N-苄基溴化奎宁，并对目标分子2，5-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯)-1，4-二氢吡啶-3-甲酸乙酯-5-甲酸甲酯进行不对称催化合成，并通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对化合物进行了表征，用X射线单晶衍射法测定了该化合物的晶体结构。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失