生长锥

The three main cytoskeleton elements in the nerve growth cone are microtubule, actin microfilament, as well as actomyosin.

微管通常只延伸到生长锥的基部，对神经纤维起稳定作用。

The increase of cell number and diameter of apical pointwas higher in both extension phase and carpel differentiation phase.

生殖生长锥直径和细胞数的增加在生长锥膨大期和心皮分化期较高。

The axonal guidance is one form of chemotaxis, which means that a cell or part of the cell, e.g.

从广义上讲，神经生长锥导向是一种细胞趋化运动，即细胞对外界特定化学导向因子的浓度梯度发生反应而进行定向的运动。

In many cases, ephrins act as negative regulators that stimulate growth cone collapse and inhibit neurite outgrowth.

在许多例子中，ephrin对於神经的发育扮演著负向的调控者，它们能够刺激神经生长锥的萎缩而抑制神经纤维的生长。

In the center photo, the regeneration gene has been over-activated, so it grows upward with a normal growth cone and not too many branches, allowing it to eventually reach the major nerve.

中间图片中再生基因被过度激活，其向上生长时带有一个正常的"生长锥"，且分支也不太多，最终它将到达顶部的主神经。

The results showed that: with the regression analysis of Betula platyphylla, Pinus koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, Picea koyamai var koraiensis, and Betula costata, there was a significant negative correlation between neighborhood interference index and the growth (0.40~0.89) and the correlation extent depended on the neighborhood influence zone and slope. The neighborhood influence zone corresponding to maximal regression coefficient R~2 was the neighborhood influence radius. Based on the linear subsection regression between neighborhood interference index and influence zone of five species, the neighborhood interference index increased with the increasing zone and there was a previous increasing trend in a certain scope, while the increasing trend slackened beyond the zone. The neighborhood influence zone corresponding to transition point was the neighborhood influence radius. The neighborhood interference index positively correlated with the neighborhood influence zone and the range of R~2 was 0.40-0.64. With the analysis of tree cores of Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica at middle and lower slope in a plot which was fostered in 1995, the distance which the growth release farthest neighborhood and object stub was judged, thus the neighborhood interference radius was inferred. According to the studies, we found that the neighborhood interference radius was different among different trees, even if the neighborhood interference radius of the identical tree species also had the difference at different slopes.

结果表明：通过对白桦、红松、冷杉、红皮云杉和枫桦树种进行邻体干扰指数与生长量回归分析发现，邻体干扰指数与生长量呈显著负相关(0.40～0.89)，相关程度因邻体影响范围和坡位而异，R~2达到最大值所对应的影响范围即为邻体影响半径；通过对白桦、红松、冷杉、红皮云杉和枫桦树种进行邻体干扰指数与影响范围的线性分段拟合，邻体干扰指数随影响范围的增加而增加，其在一定的范围内上升较快，而超出该范围后上升的幅度变慢，变化的转折点所对应的影n向范围可以判定为邻体影响半径，线性回归显著(0.40～0.64)；通过对1995a抚育的胡桃楸、水曲柳样树进行研究，分析邻体树种的中坡位和下坡位的生长锥芯，判断产生生长释放的最远邻木与基株树桩所对应的距离，推断邻体影响半径；根据研究发现，邻体影响半径因树种不同有一定的差异，即使同一树种的邻体影响半径在不同坡位也有一定的差异。

When pea ( Pisum sativum L.,Alaska strain) was grown in short\|day conditions,the apical bud senescence started with the transformation of the bud from vegetative to reproductive growth.DNA fragmentation was detected during the senescence using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase\|mediated dUTP nick end in situ labeling method.The cell ultrastructural changes were similar to apoptosis in animal cells:the apical meristemetic cells underwent the programmed cell death.This wa...

显微、超微结构研究表明，短日照条件下豌豆顶芽的衰老过程是从营养生长锥向花芽的转化，而用DNA原位末端标记、Caspase 8WesternBlot和 14 0bpDNA片断积累的试验结果证明，转化为花芽的整个生长锥细胞发生了编程性死亡，而且其最顶端部分细胞首先发生PCD ，而顶端周围的分生组织细胞逐渐分化出花芽的各部分，但顶芽最后并没有发育成为完整的花，所有细胞就都发生PCD ，从而顶芽衰老

The possible mechanism is that, when there is an asymmetry of RhoA activity in the growth cone, the filopodia at the lower RhoA activity side will extend faster then the other side because of lower inhibition or retraction, and hence the growth cone will turn towards this side.

可能的机制是，当生长锥内一侧的 RhoA 活性较另一侧高时，丝状伪足在 RhoA 活性低的一侧受到的抑制较弱，延伸更快，因此生长锥朝向该侧转向。

One simplified hypothesis is that, when the growth cone detected the directional signal, actin will polymerize asymmetrically in the growth cone, so that the filopodia and lamelipodia will extend preferentially to one side, microtubule will further follow and stabilize this growing direction.

一种假说认为，当轴突生长锥探测到方向性的信号时，生长锥内的 actin成分发生不对称聚合，filopodia及lamelipodia向一侧优先延伸，进而轴突内微管也朝同侧延伸，使生长方向进一步稳定下来。

Although we have not a tool to directly modulate the cellular Cdc42/Rac activity at present, nevertheless, from the abolish of BDNF-triggered attraction by either DN-Cdc42 and CA-Cdc42, we propose that an intracellular Cdc42 activity gradient may also be sufficient to determine the turning direction, say, filopodia extend preferentially at the higher Cdc42 activity side, and the growth cone turn towards this direction in the hence.

虽然我们目前还没有一个直接操纵细胞内 Cdc42或其下游分子活性的方法，但从 DN-Cdc42和 CA-Cdc42均阻断到 BDNF 和 ryanodine 的吸引作用来看，我们推测， Cdc42的活性梯度很可能也能够决定生长锥转动方向，即丝状伪足在 Cdc42活性高的一侧优先延伸，生长锥朝向该侧转动。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。