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Homogeneous or heterogeneous base material is selected; an alternately superimposed barrier layer and an alternately superimposed recessed layer are grown and formed at the extension of the base material; donor impurity and acceptor impurity are doped in the interface between the barrier layer and the recessed layer and in the interface between the recessed layer and the barrier layer, and the p type group III nitride material doped at a position selecting superlattice is obtained.

选择同质或者异质的基质材料;在基质材料上外延生长形成变换叠加的垒层和阱层,在垒层与阱层的界面和阱层与垒层的界面掺入施主杂质和受主杂质,得选择超晶格位置掺杂的p型III族氮化物材料,其中,每个生长周期的步骤为:生长带隙较宽的垒层,同时掺入受主杂质;生长施主杂质或受主杂质δ掺杂层;生长非掺的带隙较窄的阱层;生长受主杂质或施主杂质δ掺杂层;在N 2 气氛下对所得的选择超晶格位置掺杂的p型III族氮化物材料退火,即得目标产物。

Namely, the first, the beginning, end and length of growing season of every type of vegetation is estimated with threshold method and moving average method, and the beginning end and length of growing season of vegetation from 1982 to 1999 is fitted linearly, finally, linear trend of the beginning end and length of growing season of vegetation is analyzed. The second, phenological phase in different years and zones is estimated based on greatest changes of slope method and EOF analysis method, and the result monitored by the two methods is compared, as a result, trend of growing season change from 1982 to 1999 in different latitude zones is better acquired. The third, phenological phase of vegetation in different spatial location from 1982 to 1999 is fitted based on curve. Then, spatial difference rules of growing season of every year and average of multi-year is discussed in article. In the end, lag correlation and linear regress are used to study relation between phenological phase of different types of vegetation, different latitude zones, different spatial places and climate changes.

利用阈值法和滑动平均法逐年估测了每种植被类型的生长季的开始、结束日期及长度;对18年中植被生长季的开始、结束时间和长度进行一次线性拟合,分析了植被生长季的开始、结束日期和长度的线性变化趋势;基于最大变化斜率法和EOF分析法估计了不同年份、不同区域内植被生长季的开始、结束时间及其长度,并对这两种方法的监测结果作了比较,从而得到了较好的不同纬度区域1982~1999年植被生长季的变化趋势;基于曲线拟合了1982~1999年的不同空间位置的植被物候期,然后讨论了每年和多年平均的植被生长季的空间分异规律;最后利用时滞相关分析和线性回归研究了不同类型植被的物候期与气候变化的相互关系,不同纬度带的植被物候期与气候变化的相互关系,植被物候期与气候变化空间相互关系。

We found that during the growth process the double steps first grow separately and the connected by short bridge before tangential growth. After eighth or ninth layer the spiral steps would merge into intact elliptic layers. At the merging point right-handed spiral sources might appear but the left ones always overgrow it which made the whole growth topography looked like left-handed apparently. It indicated that the EAFP molecules has strong ability to adjust itself to adapt the environment. 5. Through various analysis of interactions in the EAFP crystals it indicated that there were 218 residue interactions between 12 symmetry-related EAFP molecules around one EAFP molecule, 18 strong ones and 72 weak ones .

EAFP在低过饱和度下的螺旋生长过程中会出现台阶的合并,从而表现出单-双的螺旋台阶,在小范围扫描中捕获到了这种现象,使得对螺旋生长台阶的合并过程有了更加深入的认识;并且台阶的生长受到沿晶体学b轴方向上的21螺旋对称的控制;当台阶生长至第八到第九层时,螺旋台阶会自动地形成完整的生长层,这充分说明了EAFP分子或分子簇具有良好的自身调节能力,这样在晶体生长过程中,晶体的缺陷减少,晶体质量提高,这也可说明EAFP晶体的x射线衍射能力很强的原因。

To study the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor and nerve growth factor on immune function in mice. Methods: Through the assays of Phagocyte, PFC, MTT and ELISA, the action of Mφ, B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte of mice was observed.

细胞生长因子是多功能的生物活性多肽,包括成纤维细胞生长因子、神经生长因子和表皮生长因子等,作为在细胞间传递信息的物质,细胞生长因子在机体内发挥着极其广泛的生物学作用,参与多种病理生理过程,如生长、免疫、肿瘤、创伤愈合等。

The observation also indicated the important influence of pH on the growth of the bacterial population, and their quantitative distribution on the glacier surface. The sequence analysis indicated that the obtained DNA fragment from the thermophile isolate Staphylococcus equorum Muzt-D84 belonged to the partial of cspA gene sequence.

结果表明:慕士塔格冰芯中存在3种类型的微生物,其中嗜冷菌为Muzt-D8,其生长温度范围为0~23℃,最适生长温度为15℃;耐冷菌为Muzt-D7, Muzt-G32和Muzt-F01,其生长温度范围为0~40℃,最适生长温度为23℃;宽温菌为Muzt-D84,其生长温度范围为0~45℃,最适生长温度为30℃。

This project was established based on the first cooperative development of optical in situ real time detecting technique probing the atomic scale layer-by-layer epitaxy growth of oxide film. Over the last three years, we have given full play to the advantages and characteristics of both sides and have finished the assumptions and plans of this subject satisfactorily. 1. In Institute of Physics, we set up advanced oblique-incidence reflectivity difference equipment and wrote one data acquisition procedure that made the simultaneous detection of optical signal and RHEED signal into reality. 2. The first observation of sustained oscillations over hundreds of monolayers in both real and imaginary signals during the epitaxy growth of SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3 on SrTiO3 substrate in LMBE testifies that oblique-incidence is an excellent method to detect and monitor film epitaxy growth real time. 3. For the first time, we verify that oblique-incidence reflectivity difference method can be used to monitor the layer-by-layer growth mode during continuous growth through the correspondence between optical signals to atomic or molecular step edge density on the growth surface. 4. Phenomenological analysis shows that optical signals comprise three parts, the first is proportional to the average thickness of the film and depends on the bulk phase dielectric response; the second is proportional to the coverage of terraces and depends on the dielectric response of atoms or unit cells in the terrace; the third is proportional to the coverage of step edges and depends on the effective dielectric response of atoms or unit cells at step edges. This makes oblique-incident reflectivity difference technique a quantitative macroscopic method to monitor film growth.

中文摘要:本课题是在合作首次发展了氧化物薄膜原子尺度层状外延生长光学原位实时探测方法的基础上立项的,三年来,我们充分发挥双方的优势和特点,圆满完成了课题的设想和计划。1、在物理所建立了一套先进的光反射差法装置,编写了计算机系统的数据采集程序,实现了两路光学信号和RHEED数据的同步采集和显示。2、用激光分子束外延在SrTiO3基底上生长SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3薄膜,首次观测到连续外延几百个原胞层,周期振荡的光反射差实部和虚部信号,证明了光反射差法是一种能原位实时探测与监控薄膜层状外延生长的好方法。3、首次验证了通过对生长表面原子或分子台阶密度的响应,光反射差法可用于原位实时监测在连续生长条件下薄膜的层式生长模式。4、通过唯象理论的研究,证明光反射差信号由三项组成,第一项只与薄膜的平均厚度和宏观光学电介质常数有关;第二项与分子台阶面覆盖度和台阶面上分子层的光学电介质常数有关;第三项与台阶边缘的覆盖度成正比,并和在台阶边缘的分子的有效光学介电常数有关。

First, some critical problems in crystal growth like crystal seeding, Zn dephlegmation, geometrical selection and temperature fields are discussed in theory, and the possible kinds of defects appeared in crystal growth progress and the reasons are carefully researched. To control the concentration of Cd vacancies, a new method by which the Cd vacancies were compensated with excess Cd in the Cd rich starting materials has been developed, and a new kind of two-area tube furnace with good linear temperature distribution was designed.

首先,本文从理论上对坩埚下降法生长碲锌镉单晶体中的成核、Zn分凝、几何淘汰生长与温场等关键性问题进行了讨论,对在生长过程中可能出现的各种缺陷类型和形成原因进行了详细分析,提出了碲锌镉单晶体生长过程中Cd空位缺陷控制原理及方法,并针对坩埚下降法生长特点自行设计了两区域独立加热管式生长炉,获得具有较好线性分布的温场。

It was found that 0.25%o potassium sorbate produced a positive inhibition against short G+ spore bacillus with a concentration less than 5xl04cfu/ml. A concentration less than %o potassium sorbate hardly exerted a complete control towards short G- plump bacillus having a population density of 5x104cfu/ml. It was proved that use of l% potassium sorbute never controlled the growth of G+ coccus, G~ spirilla and enterobacter with a population density of 104cfu/ml. 1mmol EDTA completely controlled the growth of G+ short spore bacillus and G+ coccus whose cell density was 5xl04cfu/ml. A level of lmmol EDTA showed a limited inhibition against the growth of G- spirilla with a population density of 105 cfu/ml. However, a level of 10mmol EDTA completely controlled the growth of the G- spiral bacteria having a population density of 105cfu/ml. lOmmol EDTA produced a very significant control towards the growth of G"" plump short bacillus with 105cfu/ml. 20mmol EDTA showed a remarkable inhibition against the enterobacter with a population density of 105cfu/ml. Different concentrations of nisin including 25mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 75mg/mL and 100mg/mL were used as bio-preservative to examine its effects against the growth of all strains leading to the spoilage of fresh mutton meat. It was seen that there was a big difference in nisin's concentrations in inhibiting the spoiling bacteria. Generally speaking, as more as 75mg/mL of nisin significantly inhibited the growth of G+ short spore bacillus, G-plump short bacillus, enterobacter, G'spiral bacteria and G+ coccus having a population density of 105cfu/ml.

分别运用山梨酸钾、EDTA和Nisin对7种主要引起羊肉腐败的微生物进行了抑菌实验,结果显示,0.25‰以上山梨酸钾能够有效抑制5×10~4 cfu/mL以下的革兰氏阳性短芽孢杆菌的生长;1‰以下的山梨酸钾不能完全抑制5×10~4 cfu/mL革兰氏阴性粗短杆菌的生长,对10~4 cfu/mL革兰氏阳性球菌菌株、革兰氏阴性螺旋菌菌株和肠杆菌菌株抑制效果不太明显。1mmoL EDTA能完全抑制住小于10~5 cfu/mL革兰氏阳性短芽孢杆菌菌株、革兰氏阳性球菌菌株的生长,能明显的抑制10~5 cfu/mL的革兰氏阴性粗短杆菌菌株生长,对10~5 cfu/mL的革兰氏阴性螺旋菌菌株有一定的抑制作用。10mmoL EDTA能完全抑制住10~5 cfu/mL革兰氏阴性螺旋菌菌株的生长;能明显抑制10~5 cfu/mL的革兰氏阴性粗短杆菌菌株的生长,而20 mmoL EDTA能很明显抑制10~5 cfu/mL肠杆菌菌株的生长。25mg/mL、50 mg/mL、75 mg/mL和100 mg/mL的Nisin几乎对所有引起羊肉的腐败菌有抑制作用,但抑制程度不同,抑菌活性有一定的变化。

In the whole growth period of spring wheat, the response was different in yield and phase growing on climate change, such as the appearing time of sprouting, jointing, tasselling and maturity being ahead but milking being postponed. That is to say, it shortened the spring wheat's nutrition growth stage of seedingsprouting, elongated the sproutingjointing stage, cut down the generative growth in the jointingtasselling phase, prolonged the tassellingmilking stage, and shortened the milking~maturity stage. These finally resulted in the shortening of whole growth period.

在春小麦整个生长发育过程中,其阶段生长和产量对气候变化的响应不完全一致:气候变化使该地区春小麦出苗期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的出现时间均提前,而乳熟期出现时间推迟,导致播种—出苗期的营养生长阶段缩短、出苗—拔节期的营养生长阶段延长、拔节—抽穗期的生殖生长阶段缩短,抽穗—乳熟期的生殖生长阶段延长,乳熟—成熟期的生殖生长阶段缩短,最终造成全生长期缩短。

In the whole growth period of spring wheat, the response was different in yield and phase growing on climate change, such as the appearing time of sprouting, jointing, tasselling and maturity being ahead but milking being postponed. That is to say, it shortened the spring wheat's nutrition growth stage of seeding-sprouting, elongated the sprouting-jointing stage, cut down the generative growth in the jointing-tasselling phase, prolonged the tasselling-milking stage, and shortened the milking-maturity stage. These finally resulted in the shortening of whole growth period.

在春小麦整个生长发育过程中,其阶段生长和产量对气候变化的响应不完全一致:气候变化使该地区春小麦出苗期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的出现时间均提前,而乳熟期出现时间推迟,导致播种-出苗期的营养生长阶段缩短、出苗-拔节期的营养生长阶段延长、拔节-抽穗期的生殖生长阶段缩短,抽穗-乳熟期的生殖生长阶段延长,乳熟-成熟期的生殖生长阶段缩短,最终造成全生长期缩短。

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