生计

The results showed as follows:(1) the de-farming index of 479 investigated farm households is 79.21% with per capita area of de-farming slope farmland of 0.205 hm~2,per capita grain yield loss resulted from de-farming slope farmland of 74 kg and per capita allowance of 171 yuan from the government in 2003;(2) the de-farming allowance from the government has a bigger influence on a poor household,and if an allowance from the government would be stopped,the re-exploitation of partly de-farmed slope farmland is possible;(3) in 2003,per capita cash income of 479 investigated farm households is 1 492 yuan,and its sources mainly from floating employment,selling grain and greenstuff,de-farming allowance,selling products of domestic livestock and poultry and dealing dicker etc.;(4) in a few coming years,those employments of stable and higher earning will be firstly selected by farmers,and high expected value agriculture or rural commerce are going to become the leading livelihood of a good few farmers with some fund or skill.

结果表明：被调查农户人均退耕坡地0.205 hm2，退耕指数达79.21%；2003年479农户因退耕导致的粮食减产量人均74 kg，得到政府补贴人均171元；退耕补贴对贫困农户的影响程度较大，停止退耕补贴后存在反垦可能性。2003年被调查农户人均现金收入1492元，主要来源于外出打工、卖粮菜、退耕补贴、卖畜禽产品和做小生意等。未来几年，能获得稳定收入且报酬相对较高的行业是农民谋生的首选，有资金积累或一定技能的农户正在将生计转向高附加值农业或第三产业。

Individual handicraftsman had power of management freely in the warring States Period, the range that manages the products was some daily usage mainly, and they exchanged for the agricultural product with the industrial products so that they could keep their livelihood, though their social status was not high.

论文关键词战国/家族/平民手工业者 the Warring States Period/family/individual handicraftsman，论文来源求是学刊，论文单位哈尔滨，点击次数 20，论文页数 115～120页2003年2003月论文网 http：//www.lw23.com/paper_41064181/战国时期平民手工业者的社会地位不高，有一定自主经营权，经营产品的范围主要是一些日常生活用品，他们以手工业产品换取农产品来维持生计。

The advisor,on a broad sense refers to all people who make suggestion for the leader.On a narrow sense,they are only refers to the "headworker" who gives higher stratum advice and suggestion and take this as post or earns a living.

谋士，广义上指所有为领导者进言献策之人，狭义上则仅指为更高一阶层出谋划策并以此为职务或谋生计的"劳心者"。

I also want to ensure that the people who depend on this resource for their livelihood will benefit from it over the long-term, said Minister Hearn.

我还希望能够使那些依靠海豹来维持生计的人们相信，他们可以从此种举动中获取长期的收益。

The Herero resented the German's harsh and racist rule and the effect of the encroachment on their lands on their livelihood and way of life .

该赫雷罗文不满德国的苛刻和种族主义统治和影响，侵犯他们的土地上对他们的生计和生活的方式。

To make ends meet, Hesse took jobs working in bookstores.

为了维持生计，黑塞了就业工作在书店。

Even the employees in big city are hocking their Rolex watches and diamond necklaces to make ends meet in the economic downturn.

在经济低迷时期，即使是大城市的公司职员也纷纷典当劳力士手表、钻石项链来维持生计。

Pick-up sales – including those of the new Toyota Tundra – have suffered because many are bought by plumbers, electricians and the like, whose businesses depend on housebuilding.

皮卡的销售量——包括丰田的新Tundra——已经受到很大影响，因为此类车型的很多消费者都是管道工、电工之类的人，而他们的生计都要依赖于房屋建筑。

The kind of environmental protection that neglects the need to make a living is inhumane.

忽视生计的保护是不人道的。

If you learn to use the environment intelligently you have a lasting livelihood.

如果你学会明智地使用环境资源，那么你将会有一个长久的生计。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。