生虱的

Geminiviruses infecting Ageratum conyzoides and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis were identified with molecular data in this paper.5 virus samples collected from Ageratum conyzoides and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis in Hainan were detected with triple antibody sandwich ELISA and PCR, results showed all the virus samples were infected by whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses.

本研究对侵染胜红蓟和假马鞭的双生病毒进行了分子鉴定，并获得如下结果：利用三抗体夹心ELISA及PCR检测的方法对采自海南的胜红蓟和假马鞭的5个病样进行了检测，表明均为粉虱传双生病毒。

Function of A-Rich region in DNAβ associated with Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus.

项目的完成可望为防范粉虱传双生病毒病在我国的突发性流行和发掘新的病害控制策略提供科学依据；同时，可望使我国在双生病毒DNA 分子互作及致病性相关基因功能研究等方面跻身国际。

The results from DNA sequencing and ELISA showed that tomato yellow leaf curl virus from Senegal and PR China is different new whitefly-transmitted geminivirus separately.

克隆和部分序列分析表明中国和非洲塞内加尔的番茄黄化曲叶病毒分别为不同的粉虱传双生病毒，且均为新的双生病毒。

The book introduces the animal models representing natural infections ranging from uni- to multicellular and from endo- to ectoparasites in fish, chickens and mammals, including structural and physiological aspects of cell death; Role of apoptosis in non-mammalian host-parasite relationships; thionine-positive cells in relation to parasites; animal models for the study of innate immunity; interaction between sea lice and their hosts; pathophysiology of salmonids cryptobiosis and glossina-transmitted mammalian trypanosomiasis in livestock; avian coccidiosis; interactions betweem fish hosts and monogeneans.

该书介绍了鱼类，小鸡和哺乳动物从单细胞到多细胞和从内寄生虫到外寄生虫的天然传染的动物模型，包括细胞死亡的结构和生理学方向；非哺乳动物宿主和寄生虫关系中细胞凋亡的作用；硫堇阳性细胞与寄生虫的关系；用于先天免疫研究的动物模型；海虱与其宿主的相互作用；鲑鱼隐生想象的生理病理学和家畜中舌蝇传播的哺乳动物锥虫病；鸟类球虫病；鱼类宿主与单殖亚纲动物的相互作用。

Bioassaying of squash silverleaf assigned the whitefly from Beijing (host: cotton and sweetpotato) and Xinjiang to B biotype. However, populations from Fujian and Guangxi without silverleaf symptom were considered as non-B biotype.

银叶生测实验表明：北京甘薯、棉花和新疆茄子上的烟粉虱为害西葫芦后可引起寄主的银叶，表明属B型烟粉虱；福建甘薯和广西南瓜上的烟粉虱种群在西葫芦上为害不呈银叶属非B型。

Geminiviruses may have favourable or unfavourable effects on the development, survival and reproduction of the whitefly.

双生病毒可对烟粉虱的发育、存活和生殖产生不利或有利的影响。

This article reviews the acquisition, transmission and retention of geminiviruses by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.

综述了烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci对双生病毒的获取、传播及存留等方面的特性。

In addition to the direct transmission between plant and whitefly, geminiviruses can also be transmitted through mating and oviposition among whiteflies.

双生病毒除了在植物与粉虱之间直接传播外，还可通过烟粉虱交配及经卵携带的途径在烟粉虱个体和代别间进行传播。

What geminiviruses that can be acquired by whitefly and the possibility for virus transmission are affected by the host plants, the special protein of geminiviruses as well as the GroEL proteins synthesized by endosymbionts of the vector.

寄主植物、双生病毒的一些特殊蛋白以及烟粉虱内共生菌产生的QroEL蛋白，都可影响烟粉虱携带的双生病毒种类及传毒的可能性。

Minimum time required for acquisition and inoculation of geminiviruses by the whitefly is 15-30 min Geminiviruses may be retained in their vector for one to several weeks, and sometimes for the entire life of the vector.

烟粉虱最短的获毒和接种时间为15~30min；双生病毒在烟粉虱体内可存留1至数周，有的终身存在。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷