生理学上的

Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510080, P.R.China Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disorder world-wide. It is clear that all tissues of the joint i.e. cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial membrane, are involved and their respective pathobiologies are inter-related.

骨关节炎(osteoarthritis， OA)是世界上最常见的骨骼系统疾患之一，关节所有组织（如滑膜组织，软骨，软骨下骨）均参与 OA 病变过程且它们的各自的病理生理学改变是内在相关的。

To explore the characteristics and significances of ATP-activated currents in rat different primary sensory neurons, the experiments were performed on neurons freshly isolated from rat dorsal root ganglion, trigeminal ganglion and nodose ganglion using whole-cell patch-clamp .

为探讨大鼠不同初级感觉神经元ATP-激活电流的电生理学特征及意义，本实验在新鲜分离的大鼠三种初级感觉神经元标本上，应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录，对外加ATP引起的膜电流的变化进行了研究。

The status quo, biologic characteristic and variation of Chinese wild rose wereinvestigated and studied at the level of morphology, physiology, phytochemistry, Palynology and molecularbiology.

本研究在对我国野生玫瑰种质资源进行全面调查的基础上，从形态学、生理学、植物化学、孢粉学及分子生物学5个层面，系统地研究了我国野生玫瑰当前的资源状况，弄清了野生玫瑰基本的生物学特性及其变异，并利用AFLP分子标记技术对部分玫瑰野生种质资源和品种资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行了分析。

The mechanism of photosensitivity and phototaxis was studied with optical andelectrophysiological method. The results are as follows:1 among three kinds of Chysopa peral. of the compound eyes show little daily change in Chrysopa sinica Tjedar .The model and color of psesudpopupil show significant daily change in Chrysopa septempzhbybimctata Wesmacl and Chrysopa formosa Brauer, color and diameter of the psesudpopupil of the compound eyes in Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmacl make rapid change at noon, afternoon ,night are similar ,but make little change in the morning and the next morning. Diameter of psesudpopupil of compound eyes is the biggest in the afternoon, which of Chrysopa formosa Brauer, is the biggest at noon.

本文应用光学及电生理学方法对棉铃虫优势种天敌—中华草蛉、大草蛉和丽草蛉3种草蛉的感光和趋光机制进行了研究，主要研究结果如下： 1、中华草蛉、大草蛉、丽草蛉复眼伪瞳孔大小、颜色昼夜间有节律性变化，且种间具有不同的变化模式。3种草蛉中，中华草蛉复伪瞳孔大小昼夜节律变化不明显，其模式和颜色上亦基本无变化，中间为一小黑点，其外围是绿色，最外层为红色，形状为正六边形：大草蛉、丽草蛉的复眼伪瞳孔大小昼夜间不同，大草蛉的复眼伪瞳孔在中午、下午、晚上变大，早晨和次日早晨基本一致，但次日早晨稍小些。

The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical works by the Caroline Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm; and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting.

物理学奖和化学奖将有瑞典科学院颁发；生理学和医学奖将由斯德哥尔摩的凯若琳学院颁发；文学奖将由斯德哥尔摩的瑞典文学院颁发；和平奖的患上主将由挪威国会推选出的五人委员会决定。

You, an octopus, and an Alpha Centaurian could all be in pain despite your very different physiologies (pretend that Alpha Centaurians have a silicon-based 'biology').

你，一只章鱼，孙悟空，尽管你们有不同的生理学，但都会疼。（孙悟空是生物学上石头的『按原文，是说的一只硅基的生物。』）。

A variety of models are discussed based on different computational and neurophysiological principles.

各种各样的模型基础上，讨论不同的计算和神经生理学的原则。

Owing to contrary therapeu2tic p lan between SIADH and CSWS, we can imp rove effectively hyponatremia and p revent latent comp lica2tions only by pathophysiological mechanism of hyponatremia in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhagicstroke.

根据其发生机制主要有2种综合征：抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征和脑耗盐综合征，临床上SIADH和CSWS的治疗方案截然相反，只有了解患者发生低钠血症的病理生理学机制，才能有效地纠正低钠血症，并防止可能出现的并发症。

This study mainly investigated the effect of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on the levels of hormones which take the somatotropic axis as the center in ewes, the expression of partil hormones'mRNA and the gene localization in tissue cells on the basis of animal nutrition, endocrine physiology and by modern molecular biology technique. The experiments explored the mechanism of restriction and compensatory in order to pave the way for applying compensatory growth for animal husbandry scientifically.

本研究依据内分泌生理学和动物营养学理论，应用现代分子生物学技术系统研究了限饲及补偿生长对母羊生长轴激素基因表达水平的影响以及部分激素在母羊组织细胞中基因表达定位规律，进一步探究了绵羊补偿生长与内分泌生长轴的关系，为更科学地将动物的补偿生长能力应用于畜牧业生产上奠定理论基础。

In the electrophysiological study in vivo, it was observed that the weak EA could depress the nociceptive responses of spinal dorsal horn neu- rones, which might be blocked by P1—purinergic receptor antagonists.

在横断脊髓的大鼠上用电生理学方法进一步观察到，弱电针也可抑制髓背角广动力型神经元的伤害性反应，弱电针的这种效应也可被腺苷受体阻断剂所阻断，说明嘌呤类在脊髓水平参与弱电针镇痛。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。