生理化学的

Chemoreception:The physiological response of a sense organ to a chemical stimulus .

化学感受：感觉器官对化学刺激所作出的生理反应。

Previous studies have revealed that the chemosensitive areas of the ventrolateral medullary surface participate in the central chemical regulation on respiration, but the exact location and the mechanism of the central chemoreception are still unknown.

延髓腹外侧表面的呼吸调节化学感受区参与中枢化学感受作用已有许多报道，但经电生理、神经解剖学等多方面的研究，至今尚未找到其化学感受的结构基础，因而其感受机制还不清楚。

On the basis of this system andpreviously morphological, physiological and biochemical studies on cucumber in vitrogynogenesis. Materials from both typical gynogenesis using M99 as induction medium andnon gynogenesis using W5 as induction medium were collected. The activities anddistribution of peroxidase and its isoenzymes, content of soluble protein and distribution of allprotein during early stage of cucumber in vitro gynogenesis and non gynogenesis wereinvestigated by biochemistry and histochemistry technology.

本试验在前期有关离体黄瓜雌核发育形态学和生理生化研究的基础上，以诱导离体雌核发育的 M99 培养基上和非雌核发育的 W5 培养基上培养的黄瓜未受精子房为试材，采用生物化学技术和组织化学技术，深入研究了离体雌核发育早期外植体内的标志酶——过氧化物酶及其同工酶的活性及分布的变化、可溶性蛋白质的含量和总蛋白质分布的变化及核酸和多糖分布的变化，为揭示离体雌核发育早期的细胞分化机制提供科学依据。

The main results were as follows. The main nutrition bioactive components in Opuntia Milpa Alta were analyzed using chemical and instrumental analytical methods. The results showed that the content of crude protein and fat was 0.65%～0.68% and 0.30%～0.31% respectively. The total content of the amino acids was 6.81%～7.38%, and Glu was 1.08%～1.52%.The contents of pectin and cellulose was 1.47%～1.68%, 0.87%～1.22% respectively. They were oxalate free and rich in Ca 5.6%, Fe 8.06mg/100g, Zn 3.30mg/100g, VB6 5.62mg/100g, low in tannin 0.02%～0.04%.The bioactive matter content such as polysaccharide, polyphenol, and flavone were high, about 1.27%, 63.14mg/100g, 36.21mg/100g respectively.

主要研究内容如下：采用化学和仪器分析方法，对米邦塔仙人掌中的主要营养和生理活性成分进行分析，结果表明，粗蛋白含量为0.65%～0.68%，脂肪含量为0.30%～0.31%；氨基酸总量为6.81%～7.38%，其中谷氨酸含量达1.08%～1.52%；果胶、膳食纤维分别为1.47%～1.68%和0.87%～1.22%；干样钙含量5.6%，铁8.06mg/100g，锌3.30mg/100g；B族维生素丰富，其中干样VB6含量5.62mg/100g；单宁0.02%～0.04%；不含草酸；生理活性物质如粗多糖、多酚、黄酮类物质分别约为1.27%、63.14mg/100g、36.21mg/100g，半乳糖约占多糖中单糖总量的80%；HPLC检测出8种酚类物质，绿原酸含量最多达42.40μg/g，其次是芦丁和槲皮素，其含量分别为25.02μg/g和10.91μg/g。

Although the intact-receptor based biosensors of the maxillary palp of cockroach Periplaneta Americana are not yet practical analytical devices at present. Yet, sensitive and selective responses to biomolecules involving amino acids and protein, as well as some simple substance such as salts and sugars have been firstly obtained. It is already evident that receptor based biosensors are enormously superior to isolated receptor biosensors in terms of response time and recovery times, thus, the intact receptor biosensor worth of further investigation and development.

总而言之，本论文首次从电生理信号上对美洲蜚蠊下颚须的化学响应进行研究，初步探讨了基于美洲蜚蠊下颚须的整合受体生物传感器的特性；发现了美洲蜚蠊下颚须能够整合其密集的感觉毛阵列对化学刺激的响应；得到了蜚蠊对氨基酸和蛋白质等生物分子以及简单物质如盐和糖等的敏感而具有选择性的响应信号，并发现了糖和蛋白质的特殊响应信号；表明了美洲蜚蠊下颚须是一种新型整合受体生物传感器的敏感材料，进一步深入地研究信号波形及其整合原理、探寻糖和蛋白质的特殊受体细胞等，对这一类型整合受体传感器的研究发展是很有意义的。

The strategy of building the syn-anti chiral vicinal diolmoiety of sphingosine intermediate and the synthetic studies of anti-fungal antibioticssphingofungin using sugar as chiral pool are also described.

这些物质生理作用极强，但在机体中储存量极少、结构具有高度不均一性、生物和化学稳定性又差，它们的化学合成具有十分重要的理论和应用意义。

To study the similarities and differences between male sterility induced by physiology and heredity, different male-sterile materials induced by heredity [S-type male-sterile line ms2611, ms1376] and physiology (induced by high temperature and chemical hybridizing agents SQ-1), Xinong 1376 and Xinong 2611 were used as materials, and their spikes at mononucleated prophase stage, anther and flag leaf at mononucleated anaphase stage, binucleated stage and trinucleated stage were used to conduct protein analysis.

为了研究小麦遗传型和生理型雄性不育在生化机制上的异同，以遗传型［S型不育系ms2611和ms1376］和生理型雄性不育小麦西农2611和西农1376（高温诱导和化学杀雄剂SQ-1诱导的雄性不育）为材料，分别取其小孢子处于单核早期的幼穗，单核后期、二核期、三核期的花药及旗叶进行了可溶性蛋白质的比较研究。

Nutrition solution culture, ICP-AES, the differential centrifugation technique and sequential chemical extraction method, suppression subtractive hybridization , RAPD were used in this thesis to study the mechanisms of copper tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis grown in copper mine deposit which was reported to be a Cu hyperaccumulator, compared with C. communis grown in normal soil. Several aspects were examined, including: difference of copper tolerance and accumulation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil; difference of growth and nutrient accumunation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; physiological differences between between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cu in C. communis; identification of cDNA fragments differentially expressed in C. communis grown in copper mine deposit; genetic diversity and copper tolerance of C. communis, tolerance mechanisms to copper in C. communis are discussed.

中文题名鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理和富集特征研究副题名外文题名 Mechanisms of Cu tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis 论文作者廖斌导师蓝崇钰束文圣学科专业环境科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中山大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数128页关键词重金属污染植物修复超富集植物土壤污染铜污染鸭跖草馆藏号BSLW /2003 /X53 /12 论文以本实验室报道的生长于矿山上的铜超富集植物鸭跖草和生长于正常土壤中的鸭跖草为试验材料，分别运用溶液培养法、ICP-AES元素测定技术、差速离心法和化学试剂逐步提取法、抑制消减杂交技术、RAPD技术研究了矿山和非矿山两种生境鸭跖草对铜的耐性和吸收积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下养分吸收和积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下生理反应的差异，以及铜在鸭跖草细胞内的分布及结合形态研究，矿山鸭跖草差异表达的cDNA克隆，铜对鸭跖草种群遗传分化的影响，从这几个方面探讨了矿山鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理。

The FosB/△FosB positive staining was detected in nucleus accumbens septum, tuberculum olfactorium and dorsal caudate putamen, without little cFos positive staining. The results indicate the expression of cFos and FosB/△FosB display the differences in area and intensity, and the area intensively expressing FosB/△FosB is more nearly coincide with the area related to schizophrenia. So FosB/△FosB is a better mark to research the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

同时大量研究证明，动物模型的行为及生理变化与中枢神经系统神经元的病理变化有关，因此，利用即早基因反应的灵敏性、功能多样性、检测方便性等，应用免疫组织化学的方法对模型小鼠脑内cFos和FosB/△FosB蛋白的表达进行检测，通过确定不同脑区cFos和FosB/△FosB蛋白的表达，来研究哪些脑区或神经元参与了反应，从而发现精神分裂症在脑区内所涉及的解剖结构，有助于对精神分裂症发病机制的认识。

The importance of metals in the brain is appreciated more and more by neuroscientists.

生物学家开始注意到一些重要生理过程中金属离子的化学及生物化学问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。