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Features and innovations in this study:(1) Longest successive time scale of Precambrian samples is studied;(2) The environmental and biological significances of the difference between . the carbon isotopic compositions of kerogen and coexisted carbonate were discoved;(3) The difference of biogeochemical processes between Proterozoic closed and open sea system was considered in the disccussion;(5) It is first time to carry out the chemolysis and thermolysis of kerogen in Precambrian organic matter research.(6) It is first time to apply molecular organic geochemical data to the reconstruction of Proterozoic Rodinia Supercontinent.

此项研究具有以下特色和创新之处:(1)研究对象连续时间跨度最长;(2)研究内容涉及面较全面;(3)较早详细探讨了前寒武纪沉积有机质的分子特征与古环境和生物群落的演化关系;(4)独立推导和论证了δ〓C〓和δ〓C〓的差值的生物和环境的重要意义;(5)在前寒武纪有机质研究中区分了局部封闭环境下的生物地球化学循环过程与广域海环境下的生物地球化学过程的差异;(6)开展了前寒武纪干酪根化学和热降解研究;(7)开创性地将分子有机地球化学的数据应用于元古宙Rodinia超大陆的重建中。

The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first, the technologies of atomic force microscopy and of the measurement elasticity of biomolecules were introduced. In the second, the validity of VSPFM was confirmed by lift mode atomic force microscopy. In this chapter, the height of DNA was measured by lift mode atomic force microscopy, which demonstrated that the method of height measurement of biomolecules by VSPFM was correct and established the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy. In the third chapter, detailed work has been illustrated on the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by VSPFM. And the compressive elasticity of DNA was measured. In fourth and fifth chapters, the method was applied in the measurement elasticity of proteins. Two proteins elasticity, fibre-like protein α-synuclein and global protein IgG, were measured by VSPFM, through which the method wound its way to the application of biomolecules. In last chapter, the final part of the thesis was a summary. A conclusion of the thesis and a self-comment on my work as a PhD candidate have been made, and expectation about the further works has been addressed.

本论文共分为六章,第一章,引言部分主要介绍了原子力显微镜技术及生物大分子弹性测量技术;第二章主要是VSPFM方法的正确性论证,介绍抬高模式原理,利用抬高模式原子力显微镜对DNA的高度进行测量,论证振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的高度的正确性以及准确性,从而为振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的弹性方法的建立奠定基础;第三章以脱氧核糖核酸为例详细介绍了振动模式极化力显微镜测量生物大分子弹性的方法的建立,对DNA的压弹性进行了初步的测量和分析;第四章和第五章介绍了振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用:α-synuclein和IgG分别是纤维状蛋白和球状颗粒蛋白,通过振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量这两种蛋白质的弹性,摸索振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用;第六章对全文进行了总结,在对论文的工作进行归纳和自我评价之后,还对进一步的工作进行了展望。

Funalia gallica, Lenzites tricolor, Polyporellus brumalis, Pseudotrametes gibbosa, Pycnoporus sanguineus, tested their degrading ability to david poplar wood lignin, measured the lignin content change of david poplar wood after a period of time degraded by 6 wood rot fungi, which is the first study on the biodegradation mechanism of lignin by wood white rot fungi.

本项研究选择了火木层孔菌及另外5种木材分解能力较强的阔叶树上的白腐菌:粗毛盖菌、三色革裥菌、冬拟多孔菌、偏肿拟栓菌和血红密孔菌,研究了它们对山杨木材木质素的分解能力,测定了经6种白腐菌分解一定时期的山杨木材木质素的含量,作为木材白腐菌对山杨木材木质素生物降解机制的初步研究,旨在为山杨木材生物制浆造纸提供应用基础理论研究,同时也可为木质素合理的生物转化为有用的化学品、生物漂白、酶处理防止机械浆的返黄、废水治理、纤维素酶解糖化的微生物前处理等提供相关的借鉴研究,以期在生产实践中减轻环境污染并充分利用木质素资源。

The results showed that the species number of periphyton was the greatest in summer and the density of dominant species was the highest in summer and autumn, and the water quality was generally consistent with the tendency of the changes both in the indices of diversity and evenness. There were significant negative correlations between the contents of N and P in water, and the indices of diversity, evenness, algae density, total biomass, while CODcr and BOD5 did not show any significant relationship with these four biological indices.

研究结果显示,着生生物种类数以夏季最多,优势种密度以夏、秋季最大,多样性指数、均匀度指数的变化趋势与水质指标的监测结果基本一致;经相关性分析表明:水体中氮、磷含量分别与生物多样性指数、均匀度指数、藻类密度和总生物量四项指标呈显著负相关, CODcr、BOD5与四项生物指标均无相关性。

The response time can be shortened and high throughput and real-time detection analysis can be achieved. Although now the use of zero-dimensional nanomaterials is popular, it is still rare for the study of one-dimensional materials.

与传统的生物传感器相比,基于纳米技术的新型生物传感器已呈现出更优越的性能,具有了亚微米的尺寸、换能器、探针或者微米系统,生物传感器的化学和物理性质和其对生物分子或者细胞的检测灵敏度大幅提高,响应时间也得以缩短,并且可以实现高通量的实时检测分析。

There are two exchange-traded funds that focus on the biotechnology industry as well: iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology and Biotech HOLDRs.

有两个交易所买卖基金,侧重于生物技术产业作为良好:纳斯达克的ishares生物和生物holdrs的(美国证券交易所代码:厂商)。

Methods The ELISA plate was firstly coated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , and then successively incubated with rabbit anti Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae serum and goat anti rabbit IgG biotin to form the solid biotin, which competed with the biotin in the solution for the limited streptavidin horse radish peroxidase conjugate.

酶标板先用猪肺炎支原体包被,再依次用兔抗猪肺炎支原体抗血浆、羊抗兔IgG -生物素温育形成固态生物素,同溶液中的生物素竞争有限量的链霉亲和素 HRP。

However, the prediction has a limitation of underestimation and overestimation at low and high temperature or moisture conditions respectively. In order to acquire accurate estimation of soil respiration, main suggestions for further study are to: combine measurement of soil respiration by chamber with carbon flux of ecosystem by eddy covariance, measure synchronously the biotic and abiotic factors, especially pay more attention to the role of modification of biotic factors on the performance of abiotic controllers, make more measurement in typical plant phenology phase and different weather conditions, and strengthen experimental manipulation and modeling.

但是在土壤温度及湿度过高或过低的情况下会出现较大的误差,为了尽量减少土壤呼吸的误差,给出了如下建议:①加强土壤呼吸和生态系统自动碳通量的结合研究;②加强对不同生物和非生物生态环境因子的同步测定,特别重视生物因子对非生物因子的调节和影响;③加强典型物候期和不同季节典型天气土壤呼吸的测定;④加强模拟试验研究和模式研究。

However, the prediction has a limitation of underestimation and overestimation at low and high temperature or moisture conditions respectively. In order to acquire accurate estimation of soil respiration, main suggestions for further study are to: combine measurement of soil respiration by chamber with carbon flux of ecosystem by eddy covariance, measure synchronously the biotic and abiotic factors, especially pay more attention to the role of modification of biotic factors on the performance of abiotic controllers, make more measurement in typical plant phenology phase and different weather conditions, and strengthen experimental manipulation and modeling.

但是在土壤温度及湿度过高或过低的情况下会出现较大的误差,为了尽量减少土壤呼吸的误差,给出了如下建议:①加强土壤呼吸和生态系统自动碳通量的结合研究;②加强对不同生物和非生物生态环境因子的同步则定,特别重视生物因子对非生物因子的调节和影响;③加强典型物候期和不同季节典型天气土壤呼吸的测定;④加强模拟试验研究和模式研究。

Current metabolisms deemes biological phosphorus removal and biological nitrogen removal are two different processs, which are independent and competitive.

现有的生物脱氮除磷机理认为生物脱氮与生物除磷是两个相互独立、相互竞争的生理过程。

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This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。

There is no differences of cell proliferation vitality between labeled and unlabeled NSCs.

双标记神经干细胞的增殖、分化活力与未标记神经干细胞相比无改变。