生物差异

There is a small action range in archery.Simple methods and analysis is inadequate,so the author,on the basis of testing the archery athletes in national team with the Qualisisy infrared photoelectric testing system,Footscan sole pressure testing system,Noraxon myoelectricity remote testing system, etc,analyzes comprehensively the action technique of the athletes in national team from the posture,body motion characteristics,body posture equilibrium and stability,distribution of centre sole pressure, myoelectricity characteristics,etc,with the methods of relative software and data statistics.The conclusions and the suggestions are as follows:Conclusion:Firstly,the communality of posture angle,muscle strength,the activation order of main muscle during raising the bow, raising the bow and the timing of the raising could be used as the evaluation index of technique action in archery;Secondly,the length of the time needed in the different periods couldn\'t be used as technique evaluation index since it has no relation with the result.But the time of raising and pulling back the row is relatively fixed,and the time has a positive relation with the archery achievement of the national team in China.Thirdly,the central index of the sole pressure could be used as the reference criterion of selecting athletes and forecasting achievement.During playing archery,the interrelation between the central index of the sole pressure and the achievement is different individually and in different periods.Fourthly,there is low stability of the archery athletes in the front and back direction during the action, caused by the athletes\' posture disequilibrium of dorsal abdominal muscle and non-professional sport shoes..Fifthly,kinematics and electromyography shows that the people on archery in China haven\'t taken the raising and pulling back the row seriously.

射箭的肢体动作幅度小，简单的手段和分析不能满足其需要，笔者结合各种运动生物力学仪器优点及射箭项目的特性，选用Qualisisy红外光点测试系统、Footscan足底压力测试系统、Noraxon肌电遥测系统等对国家队射箭队运动员进行多方位的测试，运用相关软件及数理统计方法，对运动员的射箭动作技术，从射箭动作的姿态构架、肢体运动特点，身体姿态平衡稳定性、足底压力中心分布、肌电特性等进行全面分析，结论及建议如下：结论：第一，姿态角、肌肉用力激活程度、举弓阶段主要用力肌肉激活顺序、举弓、开弓时间等的一致性可作为射箭技术动作评价指标；第二，各动作阶段所用时间的长短不能作为技术评价指标，但举、开弓的时间相对较固定，开举弓时间比与中国国家队射箭成绩正弱相关达到显著性；第三，闭眼状态下足底压力中心单位面积轨迹长与144支箭最好成绩正相关达到显著性，可作为身体素质、选材及成绩预测的参考依据；实射时身体平衡的足底压力中心指标与成绩的相关程度具有个体性差异、阶段性差异；第四，射箭运动员实射时身体在前后方向上的稳定性较差，这与运动员的站立姿态、腹背肌力量的不匹配以及射箭没有专业运动鞋有关；第五，运动学及肌电学都表明中国射箭训练对举弓、开弓阶段的重视不够，背部肌肉用力特征不明显，撒放技术合理性不高。

by applying psychological measurement methods, the author compared volition quality between short track speed skaters with difference sports performances and genders in order to gain an insight into if there is a difference in volition quality between them, and revealed the following findings: in terms of objective clearness male skaters at international master sportsman level are superior to male skaters at national master sportsman level, but in terms of renitency male skaters at national master sportsman level are superior to male skaters at international master sportsman level; female skaters at national master sportsman level are superior to level 1 female skaters in terms of renitency, determination, confidence and total score, and differences between them are significant; furthermore, by comparing volition quality between male and female skaters, the author found that in terms of toughness male skaters are superior to female skaters, and the difference is significant, but in terms of other 5 factors and total score, differences between them are not significant.

以心理干预为核心手段的运动员运动损。。。我国优秀排球运动员运动寿命影响因素。。。运动生物力学在乒乓球运动中的应用与。。。对投掷运动员运动损伤的调查分析与预。。。《运动防病治病讲座》健身运动的基本。。。都市运动研究：理论传统的界定和中国。。。《运动防病治病讲座》中年人的健身运。。。体校学生特征性运动自信心和运动动机。。。中国优秀沙滩排球运动员运动损伤流行。。。摘要：采用心理测量法，从不同运动水平、不同性别短道速滑运动员意志品质的比较入手，了解其意志品质是否存在差别。结果表明：男子国际健将运动员在目标清晰维度上好于男子国家健将级运动员，但在顽强性维度上，国家健将级运动员好于国际健将级运动员；女子国家健将级运动员在顽强性、果断性、自信心3个维度和总分上均好于女子一级运动员，两者差异具有显著性；此外，比较男、女运动员之间的意志品质，发现男运动员在坚韧性维度上好于女运动员，差异显著，但在其他5个维度及总分上，两者差别不具有显著性意义。

The research is little and unclear about the physiological metabolism and biological activity caused by structural differences between yam steroid saponins and sapogenin. In this study, therefore, the furostanol glycosides and spirostanol glycosides with different forms of glycoside, and diosgenin with no glycone were isolated from yam (Dioscorea Pseudojaponica Yamamoto in Taiwan) that were investigated the effect and mechanism on anti-cancer for the structurally different Saponins and sapogenin.

然由於目前对於山药类固醇皂及皂元间结构差异所造成的生理代谢与生物活性之研究甚少，仍不甚明了，因此本研究以台湾基隆山药为原料，分离出furostanol glycosides和spirostanol glycosides等不同形式配醣体结构之皂，并与不含醣基之薯蓣皂元（diosgenin；DIO）进行实验，探讨山药皂抗癌之功效与机制，并进ㄧ步探讨比对此些功效与机制是否因山药皂配醣体结构（furosten和spirosten）形式之不同，以及醣基之有无而有所差异。

Future research will determine whether this variability reflects large-scale biogeographic differences in grass communities or local, microclimate-related variation.

今后的研究工作将进一步揭示这种差异是否反映了草本植物群落在大尺度的生物地理上的差异，或者是由于地区性的局部气候不同所导致。

In this study, the genomic structure and regulatory elements of ApoD from 10 representive species including protozoan, invertebrate, protochordate and vertebrate were analyzed and compared. The genomic structure of ApoD is less conserved in organisms from protostome to deuterostome invertebrates, while it is highly conserved among chordates including amphioxus and verebrates. All four conserved cysteine residues are present in amino acid sequence of deuterostome ApoDs, while there are only two cysteine residues in amino acid sequence of protostomes ApoD. Structure divergence between protostome and deuterostome ApoD proteins suggests their function difference. The majority of regulatory elements are present in nearly all organism ApoD genes ranging from unicellular protozoan to mammals, suggesting that ApoD plays a very fundamental role, and possesses a conserved regulatory mechanism. However, there also exist some specific regulatory elements, which are present only in certain species and may perform some special roles.ApoD mRNA expression in murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts exposed to various stresses such as as hydrogen peroxide and UV light shows dose-dependent increase. And a fly homolog of ApoD, Glial Lazarillo, whose overexpression results in increased resistance to hyperoxia as well as a extension of lifespan under normoxia and resistance to starvation without altering lipid or protein content.

本文首先从生物信息学角度对分属于原生动物、无脊椎动物、头索动物和脊椎动物类群的10种动物ApoD的基因结构及调控区的调控元件进行分析及比较，发现：(1)ApoD基因外显子-内含子结构从原生动物草履虫到原口动物再到后口动物海胆的进化过程中不保守，但在分析的几种脊椎动物中相当保守；(2)文昌鱼ApoD基因扮演从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物承上启下的角色，可能代表了脊椎动物ApoD基因原型；(3)四个半胱氨酸保守位点在后口动物中都存在，而在原口动物中只存在两个，原口、后口动物ApoD蛋白一级结构上的差异反映蛋白功能上可能也存在一定差别；(4)调控区大多数主要调控元件为不同动物共有，说明ApoD主要功能及其表达调控在进化中相当保守；(5)ApoD基因个别调控元件是随着物种进化而出现并开始发挥相关作用，如SF-1；还有一些调控元件在进化过程中还没有发现其规律，这说明ApoD某些功能和基因表达调控模式可能因物种不同而存在一定的差异。

There are biological and ecological differences in different geographical populations and biotype of Trichogramma dendrolimi , moreover the differences might effect biological control efficiency.

松毛虫赤眼蜂不同地理种群、不同的生物型其生物学和生态学特性存在差异，在种群间及种群内可能存在有较大的遗传性变异，而这些差异显著影响生物防治的效果。

Sour orange and sweet orange may be the hybrid of pummelo and mandarin.

6根据胞质基因组的差异和聚类分析的结果对一些生物型的起源进行了分析，得出如下一些结论：葡萄柚是柚与甜橙的杂种，可能是与柚的回交种；本研究所包括的两个来檬生物型，其中之一的起源与枸橼、柚和澳洲指橘有关，另一个被误认为是枸橼的来檬生物型最后被认定为墨西哥来檬，来源与大翼橙和枸橼有关；粗柠檬是枸橼与宽皮橘的杂种；红黎檬可能是宽皮橘与粗柠檬的杂种；酸橙和甜橙为柚与宽皮橘的后代。

Also the results indicated that soil properties could be changed by length of reforestation and soil quality index increased with vegetation recovery. The similarity index decreased for larger year interval between two reforested lands.

群落特征变化随林龄增加呈现一定的趋势，灌丛层生物多样性有所增加，草本层先增加后降低，均匀度变化不大，整体有所下降，而且林龄差异越大，物种的差异程度也变大。

The results showed that there existed significant difference in RAPD between different biotypes as well as among individual BPHs, and genetic purifying could lessen this difference in the level of individuals but not in the level of biotypes.

结果发现：家系纯化对褐飞虱个体及生物型1和生物型2群体的致害力均有影响，个体间存在的致害力差异有所减小，但未能消除；两种生物型群体的致害力均显著下降，至第五代时对感虫对照TN1的致害力已分别下降了23%和16%，然而各自的致害特征并未发生根本性的变化，表明它们的致害特性是相对稳定的。

The results show that bioleached sludge at pH 3.5～1.95 can be used successfully as inoculums for the next batch bioleaching trial with the similar bioleaching efficiency,by which pH of the treated sludge can be reduced to less than 2 within 5 days for hydraulic residence time of bioleaching.

结果表明，用淋滤过程中pH3.5～1.95的生物酸化污泥作菌种，污泥的pH值都能够下降到2.0以下，而且不同pH值的生物酸化污泥作菌种的淋滤效果差异并不显著，说明淋滤过程中pH在3.5以下的污泥都可以作为菌种，接入到下一批次待处理的污泥中进行生物淋滤。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。