生物学上

This week in the online open-access journal PLoS Biology, scientists Simon Segar, James Cook, Derek Dunn, and colleagues at the University of Reading have found that during mutualism, a cooperative relationship between two different species, a third parasitic species may help to keep the relationship stable.

本星期在网上开放的公共图书馆生物学杂志上，科学家西蒙西格，詹姆斯库克，德里克邓恩和他的同事们雷丁大学发现，在互惠的合作关系，两个不同的物种，第三寄生虫种类可能有助於保持稳定的关系。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

Four weeks after treatment, immunohistochemistry staining and VIDAS analysis were applied to semiquantitatively analyze the expression of collagen Ⅱ.

随着分子生物学的迅速发展，基因治疗为我们在细胞、分子水平上延缓或逆转椎间盘退变提供了可能。

Then, the Phytophthora capsici"s biology characteristic were studed, which including the suited PH for growth, the best illumination, temperature and culture midium condiction of sporangium"s production, and the difference between their Pathogenicity.

在此基础上，对适合它们生长的PH值、产孢子囊光照条件、温度条件、培养基条件以及菌株致病力强弱等生物学方面的特性进行了研究。

The biological characteristics of the pathogen of the tomato stem rot was studied. The results showed that the mycelia could grow better on PDA, PSA, 2%water agar, Richard,tomato juice,oatmeal and tomato oatmeal culture media, but worse on the 2%water agar culture medium. The temperature for mycelial growth ranged from 2 ℃ to 32 ℃, and 20 ℃ was the optimum. The mycelia could grow from pH3 to pH10, but pH5-7 was better.

对番茄茎基腐病病原菌生物学特性研究结果表明：病菌菌丝在供试PDA、PSA、2%水琼脂、Richard、番茄煎汁、燕麦片和番茄燕麦等7种培养基中均能良好生长，而在2%水琼脂培养基上生长较为缓慢；菌丝在2~32 ℃范围内均能生长，最适20 ℃，致死温度为50 ℃，10 min；菌丝生长的pH范围为3~10，最适为5~7；光照对菌丝生长影响较小。

The same procedure was repeated 5 times until a new cell subline, designated as SW480/M5, was established, whose biological behaviors was investigated both in vivo and in vitro.

采用外科原位接种、组织块细胞培养法从裸鼠体内获得SW480细胞系中具有肝脏转移倾向的亚克隆SW480/M5；体内体外实验验证它与母系细胞在生物学特性上的差异。

The result showed that mouse fetus liver cells condition medium,which can maintain survivance and proliferation of mouse EG cells,was better than the medium containing no cytokine,but worse than EG cell medium with 1 000 IU/mL of LIF.

同时，试验对比了从不同胎龄胎儿分离培养原始生殖细胞的情况，鉴定了EG细胞的生物学特性；EG细胞经体外培养，可以分化为神经样细胞、上皮样细胞和简单类胚体。

Fields such as genomics and systems biology are built on the synergism between computational and experimental techniques.

像基因组和系统生物学这些领域，它们是构建在计算的和实验的技术间的合作上的。

Green fluorescent protein from Aequorea victoria is a novel marker compared with other bioassay markers that has potential use in the study of teleost development biology, transgenic research, and aquaculture.

从水母中选殖出之绿萤光蛋白标的与其他生物分析标的具有与众不同之性质，其具有潜在研究性质并可运用於鱼类发生生物学，基因转殖研究与水产养殖上。

Having designed and created exhibits in mechanics, optics, electrical science, thermology, acoustics, and biology, those exhibits demonstrate scientific principles and present the most advanced scientific and technological achievements.

它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。