生物型

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

It can be used to filter city tap water,industry Using water or industry waste water, and it can also used as animalcule carrier to form biology filtering pool, it can purify waste through using bed biology velumt that surface of filtering material shaped.

MH 型陶粒滤料可用于慢滤池、快滤池、单层滤池或多层滤池做滤料，用来过滤城市自来水、工业用水或污水，也可用陶粒滤料做微生物载体，组成生物滤池，利用滤料表面形成的一层生物膜来净化废水。

The principle fields of the Institute's activity are related to molecular genetics, cytogenetics, immunogenetics, embryology, biochemistry, the physiology of animal stress and ethology, embryo biotechnology and biotechnics, introductions of the results of basic investigations into animal improvement programmes, determination of animal genotypes and their adaptation to environmental conditions and production demands.

该所的主要活动领域是关于分子遗传学、细胞遗传学、免疫遗传学、胚胎学、生物化学、动物胁迫和动物行为方面的生理学、胚胎生物技术和应用生物学、改善动物的项目基础研究结果的介绍、动物基因型的决定及其对环境条件的适应与产品要求等方面的内容。

Through the purification and study of the North China type Permo-Carboniferous biostratigraphic units of Henan Province, 5 fusulinid and 4 conodont biostratigraphic units are collated and stipulated on the basis of the distribution of the fossils in the main section and the Stratigraphic Guide.

通过对河南省华北型石炭纪—二叠纪生物地层单位的清理与研究，根据和牙形石在主干剖面上的纵、横向分布规律，依据地层指南，共厘定出 5个类和 4个牙形石生物地层单位。

The traditional Passveer single ditch and Carrousel ditch are not good at removable N and P, but in the front of anaerobic pond is intercalated, and anoxic area is intercalated in, Carrousel Oxide Ditch becomes a mendable Carrousel 2000 Oxidation Ditch, so it possesses removal removal nitrogen and phosphorus by biology function.

传统的Passveer单沟型和Carrousel型氧化沟脱氮除磷功能差，但是在Carrousel氧化沟前增设厌氧池，在沟体内增设缺氧区，形成改良型Carrousel 2000氧化沟，便具备生物脱氮除磷功能。

It was found that accession C108 had the highest As accumulation in shoot, being significantly higher than all other accessions. There was a significant difference among the accessions of Pteris vittata in both transporting factor and biological factor.

kg^(-1)基因型C108地上部积累砷最多，显著大于其它蜈蚣草基因型；研究还发现，蜈蚣草基因型间的转运系数和生物富集系数也存在显著差异。

Ana lyses of the main shale gas basins in America show that gas shale reservoirs can be classified into thermal genetic type.

按天然气成因将页岩气藏分为热成因型、生物成因型和混合成因型，分析了美国具有代表性的典型气藏。

It should be dirty water It is the oxidize aeration pot and biological chooser of DE model main to handle to building this, is disgusted, oxygen pool and hole type.

处理构筑物主要有平流沉砂池、DE型氧化沟、二沉池等，其主要构筑物DE型氧化沟系统是在DE型氧化沟基础上发展起来的，有2个平行的氧化沟和一个独立的沉淀池组成，处理程度大大提高，该系统可进行硝化，反硝化反应，从而达到生物脱氮的功能，在其系统前增设厌氧池则可达到除磷的目的。该系统具有高效，节能的特点，且耐冲击负荷高，出水水质好。

This paper describes the bio-typing and rapid identification technique of E. tarda briefly and discusses the virulence factors of E. tarda elaborately, including adhesion related factors, enzymes involved in anti-phagocyte killing and serum resistance, toxins, type Ⅲ and type Ⅵ secretion systems, siderophores and PST operons, in order to provide reference in researches of pathogenic mechanisms and prevention of E. tarda.

文中对迟缓爱德华氏菌的生物分型、快速检测技术等进行了简要阐述，并对该病原菌的主要致病相关因子，包括黏附因子、抵抗宿主免疫机制的酶类、各种毒素、Ⅲ型和Ⅵ型分泌系统、载铁体及磷酸盐特异转运操纵子进行了详细阐述，以期为迟缓爱德华氏菌致病机理的进一步深入研究及其防治提供参考和借鉴。

Objective To set up the finite element model of typeⅡaxis odontoid fracture treated with anterior odontoid screw fixation and analyse the influence of different fixation position of screw different angle of fracture surface to the stability of odontoid process fracture fixed with anterior odontoid screw ,and then find the best biomechanical steady position of anterior odontoid screw.

目的建立Ⅱ型齿状突骨折螺钉固定的三维有限元模型，分析不同螺钉内固定位置以及骨折面角度对术后Ⅱ型齿状突骨折端稳定性的影响，探讨Ⅱ型齿状突骨折中空螺钉内固定的最佳生物力学稳定性位置。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。