生物地层学

Eight conodont zones and six ammonoid zones are consequently well distinguished in the Lower Triassic of Chaohu, and most of them are regionally or even globally correlative. The δ^13 C, excursion shows two characteristic shifting periods, and this carbon isotope sequence is not only of a stratigraphic value but also of great importance to understanding the biotic recovery and ecosystem reconstruction at the beginning of the Triassic.

巢湖的下三迭统明确包含8个牙形石带和6个菊石带，它们具有区域甚至全球对比意义；巢湖地区早三迭世碳同位素δ^13 C的演变呈现2个显著的漂移周期，这种有特色的碳同位素漂移，不仅具有地层学价值，而且可能对于三迭纪初的生物复苏和生态系演变具有指导意义。

Pointing to the feature that the strata developed controlled by palergeomorphy,reef bank grew upward and sea level relative variability,then on the basis of synthetically analyzing Hthology and logging curves features,and applying the theories of sequence stratigraphy,divided Lianglitage Formation into TST and HST from bottom to top,and 3-4 parasequence sets,8 parasequences,and 11 members.furthermore, recognized shelf margin reef,grain bank, shelf margin bioherm and interbank sea these four facies and 12 subfacies.

针对上奥陶统良里塔格组地层的发育主要受古地理、礁滩体向上营建和海平面相对变化控制的特点，在进行岩性特征、测井曲线特征综合分析的基础上，应用层序地层学原理和方法，将良里塔格组自下而上划分为海侵体系域和高位体系域两个体系域，3～4个准层序组、8个准层序，细分为11个小层。并发育棚缘生物礁、粒屑滩、棚缘生物丘、滩间海4种相，12种微相亚相。

The main fruits of study are as follows:(1) A complete stratigraphic framework of Middle-Upper Jurassic series is set up through systematic stratigraphic study of Middle-Upper Jurassic by the analysis of lithostratigraphy , biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy on five groups of Middle-Upper Jurassic series in the studied area.

主要成果表现在以下五个方面：(1)通过对研究区中—上侏罗统五个组进行岩石地层、生物地层和年代地层分析，系统进行中—上侏罗统地层学研究，建立了研究区中—上侏罗统完整的地层格架。

The community succession and replacement of late Devonian and their correlation in central Hunan are discussed in more details.

本文分析了Li群落和C-H群落的生物组成，分异度，相对丰富度，生活方式及空间分布等特征；讨论了湘中晚泥盆世群落的演替和取代规律及其空间对比，进一步强调了生物与环境的密切关系及其在地层学上的意义。

The extinction or appearance of these Ostracoda always occurred in a short time interval, and can be correlated locally and globally, so they are of importance in bioeventstratigraphy. This article listed six such biological events in Qaidam Basin and discussed their causes. The extinction of Cetacella reflected temperature decrease at global scale and changes of palaeoclimate zones during the latest Jurassic and the earliest Cretaceous; The rapid decline of Cypridea in the earliest Cretaceous may be a result of the strikes of small planets; at the latest middle-Eocene Austrocypris became extinct, and at Oligocene Hemicyprinotus disappeared. These events related to the changes of the geological conditions at that time. The explosion of Cyprideis at the middle-Miocene was because the rise of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau which resulted in the dry climate and development of salt lakes.

这些水生生物的绝灭或发生均很迅速，在区域或全球范围内均可对比，具有生物事件地层学意义：Cetacella属的绝灭可能是侏罗、白垩纪之交全球性的古气候降温和气候带变化在柴达木盆地的反映；早白垩世之后Cypridea的迅速衰退是地外因素灾变的结果；中始新世晚期的Austrocypris的绝灭、渐新世Hemicyprinotus的绝灭都与当时地质条件的改变存在著内在的联系；中中新世Cyprideis的爆发推断是青藏高原隆升，导致气候乾燥、湖水咸化的结果；而晚更新世晚期1。

It is the journal of the Palaeontological Association. The journal publishes a wide variety of papers on palaenotological topics covering: palaeozoology, palaeobotany, systematic studies, palaeoecology, micropalaeontology, palaeobiogeography, functional morphology, stratigraphy, taxonomy, taphonomy, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, palaeoclimate analysis and biomineralization studies.

该杂志是古生物学学会的期刊，刊登古生物学广阔领域的论文，其主题涵盖：古动物学，古植物学，系统研究，古生态学，微观古生物学，古生物地理学，功能形态学，地层学，分类学，埋藏学，古生物环境重建学，古生物气候分析和生物矿化研究等。

Palaeogeography of China comes from stratigraphy, historical geology, tectonics, palaeontology, sedimentary petrology, natural geography, Quaternary geology, archaeology, human historical geography, etc.. Thus branch disciplines such as stratigraphic palaeogeography, tectonic palaeogeography, palaeontological palaeogeography, lithofacies palaeogeography, natural geographic palaeogeography, Quaternary palaeogeography, human historical palaeogeography, etc. are originated and developed.

我国古地理学来源於地理学、地史学、大地构造学、古生物学、沈积岩石学、自然地理学、第四纪地质学、考古学、人类历史地理学等，因此就相应地产生和形成了地层古地理学、构造古地理学、生物古地理学、岩相古地理学、自然地理古地理学、第四纪古地理学、人类历史古地理学等分支学科。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失