生物地层学

Biostratigraphy is one of the basic and widely applied branches in stratigraphy.

生物地层学是地层学中最基本的也是应用最广泛的一个分支学科。

Correlations of strata can be aided by studying their fossil content, a discipline called biostratigraphy.

地层对比可由研究其中所含化石而得到助益，此一学科即称为生物地层学。

A geological time scale based mainly on both biostratigraphy and radiometric dating created stratigraphic refulgence, but at the cost of lowered accuracy and preciseness and weakened function of serving the human society.

以生物地层学为基础并与放射性同位素定年技术相结合建立的、以百万年为计时单位的地质年代表既创造了地层学的辉煌，也在一定程度上降低了地质学对精确数字定年的不懈追求和为人类社会服务的功能。

A detailed sequence stratigraphy of Tertiary in the East China Sea Basin has been researched based on the previous work by way of sedimentology, biostratigraphy, log stratigraphy and seismic stratigraphy in this paper.

在前人研究成果基础上，运用沉积学、生物地层学、测井地层学及地震地层学，对东海盆地第三系进行了较系统的层序地层学研究，结果表明东海盆地第三系可划分为5个二级层序和12个三级层序以及若干次一级层序。

This paper deals with the advance in the study of terrestrial Permian-Triassic boundary. At first, some index TPTB sections and their research backgrounds are introduced. Then, the research status on the synthesis of the TPTB, including biostratigraphy, eventostratigraphy, isotopic dating, magnetostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy etc., is analyzed. Finally, the existing problems and the next research directions about the TPTB study are assessed.

着重介绍了几个目前陆相二叠系－三叠系界线研究的重点剖面及其生物地层学研究进展；分析了陆相二叠系－三叠系界线综合地层学研究现状，包括生物地层学、事件地层学、同位素年代学、磁性地层学和层序地层学等；剖析了陆相二叠系－三叠系界线地层学研究中存在的问题及进一步的研究方向。

Based on the analysis of core samples from the hole of Zk23 in the East China Sea Continental Shelf and by means of sedimentary stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, thes consider that the fine-sand deposition in borehole was part of buried ancient estuary sand ridges of the Yangtze River.

根据东海陆架 Zk23孔岩心分析资料，进行了沉积地层学、生物地层学和年代地层学分析，确定了该钻孔中段细砂层为埋藏古长江河口沙脊沉积，阐明了该孔附近海区冰消期前后和冰后期的沉积历史。

Also apply methods of integration of sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, petrostratigraphy and seismic data to found the time-contour stratigraphic framework and reveal time-space distribution of depositional system and meantime clarify oil-source bed, reservoir and overlying distribution regular patterns.

此外，运用层序地层学、生物地层学、岩石地层学与测井、地震资料相结合的方法，建立该区等时地层格架、沉积体系的时空展布，阐明了生、储、盖展布规律。

The Lower/Upper Cretaceous boundary in Songliao Basin is,therefore,between the Quantou and Denglouku formations,instead of between the Quantou and Qingshankou formations.2.The dark mudstones and shales in the Member 1 of Qingshankou Formation are of high organic carbon and low diasteranes contents.Organic geochemical characters are illustrated by biomarkers of 28,30-bisnorhopane and gammacerane,and positive excursion of kerogen isotopes.It is suggested that the dark mudstones and shales in the Member 1 of Qingshankou Formation are the products of lake anoxic period.It corresponds to the oceanic anoxic event at Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in Cretaceous.3.Based on the study of biostratigraphy,chronostratigraphy,magnetostratigraphy and event stratigraphy,a correlation of the lacustrine sequence to marine standard has been proposed,i.e.,the Quantou Formation corresponds to Cenomanian stage,Qingshankou Formation correlates to Later Cenomanian-Early Turonian,Yaojia Formation to Later Turonian-Coniacian,Nenjiang Formation to Santonian-Campanian.Sifangtai and Minshui Formations to Maastrichtian. 4.Analysis of lithology,lithofacies and microfossils of Cretaceous in Songliao Basin, shows that shore and shallow lake facies yield the most abundant microfossil groups,and the predelta and deltaic distributary plain facies rich in fossils as well.In the shore and shallow lake areas during the high level periods(such as Qingshankou and Nenjiang sedimentary periods),the lacustrine biota are of high diversity and high abundance.

因此，松辽盆地上、下白垩统的界线应在泉头组的底界，即泉头组与登娄库组之间，而不是泉头组的顶界。2、青山口组一段黑色泥岩、页岩具有有机碳含量高、重排甾烷含量低，生物标志物出现28，30—双降藿烷和伽马蜡烷，干酷根碳同位素具有正向偏移等有机地球化学特征，表征为青山口组一段黑色页岩、油页岩是古湖泊缺氧事件的产物，它对应于白垩纪古海洋Cenomanian—Turonian期界线附近缺氧事件，二者具同步性。3、通过生物地层学、年代地层学、磁性地层学和事件地层学研究，认为泉头阶大体相当于Cenomanian阶，青山口阶相当于晚Cenomanian—早Turonian阶，姚家阶对应于晚Turonian—Coniacian阶，嫩江阶对应于Santonian—Campanian阶，四方台阶和明水阶相当于Maastrichtian阶。4、通过对松辽盆地上白垩统的岩性、岩相及微体化石分析，认为滨浅湖相是微体生物群最为发育的相带，其次为三角洲前缘相和三角洲分流平原相。

The principal contents of the symposia on stratigraphy in the 31st International Geological Congress comprise the following aspects:geologic time scale, biostratigraphy, event stratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, isotopic stratigraphy, integrated stratigraphy, sedimentary facies and palaeogeography, palaeobiogeography, and tectono-palaeogeography.

介绍了第 3 1届国际地质大会有关地层学学术讨论的主要内容，包括地质年代表、生物地层学、事件地层学、层序地层学、磁性地层学、同位素地层学、综合地层学、沉积相与沉积古地理、生物古地理、构造古地理 10个方面。

The journal well informs the research advances in this field, ranging from marine palynomorphs to higher land plants, including systematics, evolution, palaeobiology, palaeoecology, biostratigraphy, biochronology, palaeoclimatology, paleogeography, palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, palaeobotany and palynology etc.

该杂志全面提供了从海洋孢粉型到高原植物研究领域的进展，包括分类学、进化、古生物学、古生态学、生物地层学、生物年代学、古气候学、古地理学、古环境重建、古植物学以及孢粉学等等。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！