生物合成

Compared with chemical surfactant, biosurfactant has a low toxicity to ecological system of Earth and can be biodegraded by microorganism.

相对于化学合成的表面活性剂，生物表面活性剂对生态系统的毒性较低，且可生物降解。

In the view of green chemistry and sustainable development, a series of new easily biodegrading amino acid-based anionic surfactants were prepared by reaction renewable resources as starting materials with amino acids.

本文从绿色化学和可持续发展的角度出发，以天然可再生资源为原料，与氨基酸反应合成一系列新型易生物降解的氨基酸型阴离子表面活性剂。

Itamin D from the skin and diet is metabolized in the lier to 25-hydroxyitamin D (Figure 1), which is used to determine a patient's itamin D status1,2,3,4; 25-hydroxyitamin D is metabolized in the kidneys by the enzyme 25-hydroxyitamin D-1-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) to its actie form, 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D.1,2,3,4 The renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D is tightly regulated by plasma parathyroid hormone leels and serum calcium and phosphorus leels.1,2,3,4 Fibroblast growth factor 23, secreted from the bone, causes the sodium–phosphate cotransporter to be internalized by the cells of the kidney and small intestine and also suppresses 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D synthesis.5 The efficiency of the absorption of renal calcium and of intestinal calcium and phosphorus is increased in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D (Figure 1).2,3,6 It also induces the expression of the enzyme 25-hydroxyitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24), which catabolizes both 25-hydroxyitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D into biologically inactie, water-soluble calcitroic acid.2,3,4

从皮肤和食物来的维生素D在肝中代谢为25-羟基维生素D（图1），被用来决定病人体内维生素D情况的1，2，3，4；25-羟基维生素D在肾中被25-羟基维生素D1羟化酶（CYP27B1）转变为有活性的1，25-二羟基维生素D 。1，2，3，4由肾产生1，25-二羟基维生素D是被血浆甲状旁腺激素和血清钙，磷水平紧密调节。1，2，3，4由骨分泌的成纤维细胞生长因子23使钠磷协同转运蛋白被肾和小肠细胞内化及抑制1，25-二羟维生素D合成。5 在1，25-二羟基维生素D作用下肾和小肠吸收钙及磷的效率增高(图1)。2，3，6 它也包括25-羟四- 24 -羟化酶的表达(CYP24)，且将1，25二羟基维生素D和25羟基维生素D异化成无生物活性，水溶性的维生素D3-23羧酸。2，3，4

125 Was used for catalyzing the synthesis of biodiesel from waste oil in organic solvent system.

采用固定化假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶，对不同地区废油脂在有机溶剂体系下催化合成生物柴油的方法进行了研究。

Therefore, it is significant to synthesize various phosphate conjugates of carbohydrate and nucleosides and investigate their biological function.

磷酸酯与糖、核酸以及蛋白质有着密切的关系，磷酸酯几乎参与所有的生物化学反应，因此合成含磷糖和核苷缀合物对于研究磷和它们的相互作用以及开发新的基于糖和核苷的药物具有重要的意义。

In order to achiee this goal a new porous material has been deeloped using biomimetically mineralized collagen I.

为了实现这一目标，人们利用生物相容性较好的矿化I型胶原合成了一种新的多孔材料。

Further understanding of the structure of mineralized tissue and the mechanism of mineralization in natural biomaterials is needed to provide a theoretical basis for the biomimetic design and synthesis of materials and devices with special structures and functions.

对于天然生物材料中的矿化组织结构和矿化机理的充分认识，可以为仿生设计与合成具有特定结构和功能的材料和器件提供理论依据。

Researching and developing multifunctional matrices for immobilized enzymes is considered as one of most activated orients.

辣根过氧化物酶是一类在生物传感器、有机合成和废水处理等领域有着广泛应用的酶制剂。

By the end of this year, we will have nearly 600 chemists and biologists working for the company.

在今年年底前，我们公司将发展到约600名合成人员和生物人员的规模。

By the end of this year, we will have nearly 600 chemists and biologists working for the company.

在今年年底前，我们公司将发展成约600名合成人员和生物人员的规模。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失