生物合成

Little is known about the influence of minerals and other soil factors on the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma spp.The objectives of this study were to first evaluate the take-all–suppressive activity of T.koningii in field soils representative of the wheat-growing region in the Pacific Northwest of the United States,and then to identify abiotic edaphic parameters that are positively and negatively associated with the biocontrol activity of T.koningii in these soils.Such information will be usefulin selecting sites where T.koningii can be expected to perform optimally;in developing formulations that enhance biocontrol;and perhaps in indicating factors that favor mechanisms involved in the biocontrol activity of this strain such as antibiotic and enzyme biosynthesis.

知之甚少，对矿物和其它土壤因素对生物活性木霉镰刀本研究的目的首先评估全蚀抑制活性t.koningii土壤代表小麦种植区在西北太平洋的美国，然后找出生物土壤参数有积极和消极与生物防治活性t.koningii在soils.such这些信息将有助于在选择地点，可以t.koningii预计进入最佳状态；在发展制剂提高生物防治；或许说明因素，有利于参与机制，在生物防治活动，这株如抗生素和酶的合成。

Firstly, the SSH was used to isolate tissues or organs specific expression genes in different development stages of plant. These genes provide evidence for explaining the molecular mechanism of plant development. Then SSH was widely used to isolate genes related to resistance under biological or abiological stress in different plants and the molecular mechanism of the resistance was primarily elucidated.

首先， 官中的组织特异性表达的基因，为揭示植物生长发育过程的分子机理提供了有效手段；另外，在不同植物中，该技术被大量应用于分离各种生物及非生物胁迫条件下诱导表达的抗性相关基因，可以揭示植物抗逆的分子 SSH 技术已开始应用于分离与次生代谢产物合成相关的基因。

For the synthesis reaction of chalcone, cyclohexanone aldolization and biodiesel,γ-Al_2O_3-NaOH-Na solid superacid has a satisfactory catalytic activity. With hypnone and phenylaldehyde as raw material, amount of catalyst 7.5% wt% of material, mole ratio of hypnone and phenylaldehyde 1:1.1, reaction temperature 40℃, after 3 hours, the yield of chalcone can be up to 96.88%. With cyclohexanone as raw material, amount of catalyst 10% wt% of material, reaction temperature 190℃, after 3 hours, dimmer of cyclohexanone can be up to 85.66%.

将该固体超强碱催化剂应用于查尔酮、环己酮自缩合以及生物柴油的合成反应中，该改性固体超强碱催化剂表现出了良好的催化活性：以苯乙酮和苯甲醛为原料，反应温度为40℃，催化剂用量为反应物总质量的7.5％，苯甲醛与苯乙酮摩尔比为1：1.1，反应3h查尔酮产率可达96.88％；以环已酮为原料，催化剂用量为原料总质量的10％，反应温度为190℃，反应3h，二聚物的总收率可达85.66％；以动物油和甲醇为原料，醇油摩尔为9：1，催化剂用量为动物油质量的2％，反应温度为70℃，反应3h后，生物柴油的收率可达91.8％。

From the results, it seems that this new macrocyclic ligand is able to bind three different amino acids with selectivity in aqueous solution, and the strength of binding is of the order lysine＜glycine＜aspartic acid.

通过合成金属配合物，在结构和功能上模拟生物酶的活性中心或结构中心是研究酶的结构与活性关系的重要手段，也是生物无机化学的一个主要研究方向。

The acetate bicyclic guanidine as the catalyst is a nonmetallic and nontoxic organic compound; the method has low production cost, simple process operation, no pollution, a high product yield of more than or equal to 95 percent and a high product purity of more than or equal to 98 percent; and a synthesized biodegradable polymer has high biological safety.

催化剂醋酸双环胍为无金属、无毒有机化合物，生产成本低、工艺操作简便、无污染，产品产率高(≥95％)、产品纯度高(≥98％)；所合成的生物降解聚合物具有高度的生物安全性。

Polyaspartate can also be obtained through chemical synthesis, but is currently produced only in small quantities. It is more biodegradable than comparable polyacrylates, but not totally biodegradable like the polyaspartate produced in cyanophycin.

聚天冬氨酸也可以通过化学方法合成，但是，目前只能少量生产，其生物降解性比聚丙烯酸酯更好，但不能够像蓝细菌中产生的聚天冬氨酸那样完全被生物降解。

In this thesis, we did modifications of alkyl groups upon benzyl fluorophosphonate. In order to study the influence of alkyl length and steric effect on activity and selectivity of probes, we synthesized benzyl fluorophosphonate recognition heads with modifications including ethyl, butyl, octyl and cyclohexyl. By way of connecting different kinds of tag like azido group, biotin and rhodamine with recognition heads separately through a higher hydrophilic ethylene glycol derived linker, a series of benzyl fluorophosphonate probes were made up. And they will apply to various biological testing strategies.

在本论文中，我们以苯甲基氟化磷酸酯为基础，於其上进行一系列烷基之修饰，为了探讨烷基长度与空间立体性质对於探针活性及选择性的影响，我们合成了包含乙烷基、丁烷基、辛烷基以及环己烷基修饰的苯甲基氟化磷酸酯辨识端，并藉由具较高亲水性的聚乙二醇衍生连接桥结合三种不同的发报端，分别有叠氮基团、生物素及萤光基团来构成不同的化学探针组合，这一系列苯甲基氟化磷酸酯类化学探针将可被应用於不同的生物测试策略。

The RT-PCR product was inserted into pTG19-T vector and transformed into E. coli successfully. By blastn, the sequence results of Kunming mus musculus were in complete accordance with the conservative sequence of Genbank NR_003278 (791bp-1153bp). By Blastn in NCBI, the sequence with little difference among animals was confirmed to be conservative. After Blastn, fourteen complete CDS coding for different animals were chosen. According to VECTOR NIT 9.0 software, the similarities between Kunming mus musculus and bos taurus, homo sapiens, erinaceus europaeus, cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa, dasypus novemcinctus, rattus norvegicus, rabbit, equus caballus, macaca fascicularis, didelphis virginiana, monodelphis domestica and vombatus ursinus was 67%, 100%, 100%, 36%, 100%, 100%, 67%, 100%, 100%, 92%, 99%, 99% and 99%. In the phylogenetic tress constructed with the forteen 18S rRNA by Treeview, the Kunming mus musculus clustered with cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa and rabbit, which was nearer to cricetulus griseus and was most far away from macaca fascicularis.(3) After sencodary structure analyses of 18S rRNA of mus musculus, an oligonucleotide fragment for RNAi was designed and synthesized, which was transformed into plasmid, and restriction enzyme analyses and sequencing results should the expression plasmid pGPH1/ GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA were constructed for RNAi successfully.

结果①通过RT-PCR检测显示18S rRNA基因在小鼠卵巢组织和单个GV期、MⅠ期卵母细胞中均有表达，且在未成熟卵母细胞中，MⅠ期的表达明显强于GV期的表达；②RT-PCR产物克隆测序结果显示：昆明小鼠18S rRNA基因保守区序列与基因库序列[NR_003278保守区部分(791bp～1153bp)]完全一致；Blastn比对结果发现：在不同物种中差异较小，选出14种生物18S rRNA全序列经VECTOR NIT 9.0软件分析，提示昆明小鼠18SrRNA与牛、人类、刺猬、中国仓鼠、猪、犰狳、褐鼠、兔子、马、食蟹猴、负鼠、短尾猊、袋熊的18S rRNA的相似率依次为67%，100%，100%，36%，100%，100%，67%，100%，100%，92%，99%，99%，99%；Clustal 1.81和Treeview构建出的分子进化树表明：在上述14种生物中昆明小鼠与中国仓鼠进化关系最近，与兔子、猪聚成一簇，与食蟹猴进化关系最远；③根据18S rRNA二级结构设计并合成RNA干扰寡核苷酸片段，重组质粒经过限制性内切酶及测序表明成功构建了pGPH1/GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA干扰表达质粒。

Polyether based polyurethanes are among the most interested polymers which have been used suitably for the biomedical applications, especially in cardiovascular system. In order to meet the requirements of the artificial heart program in our college, two sorts of polyether based polyurethane elastomers, PU-BD and PU-MC, were synthesized both based on prepolymer formed by the reaction of polytetramethylene ether glycol and diphenyl methane-4, 4′-diisccyanate, with 1, 4-butanediol and 3, 3′-dich...

本文介绍了两种聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体PU—BD和PU—MC的合成路线，两种弹性体的物理机械性能(曲挠、抗张强度、伸长率等)的测试结果，两种弹性材料的生物相容性试验(凝血时间，慢性组织相容性、细胞毒性等)及其结果、各种试验结果表明，这两种聚氨酯弹性材料的耐曲挠性能和生物相容性都已达到现阶段人工心脏研究工作的要求，为两种有希望的医用高分子材料。

Surface coatings are open dynamitic systems in aquatic environments, in which various components could synthesize, accumulate, transform, and degradation.

生物膜在自然水体中是一个开放的动力学系统，水环境中的各种成分可以在生物膜上发生着合成、聚结、转化、降解等作用。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失