生物合成

In terms of the contents and compositions of macromolecules in an Anabaena cell in the literature, the requirements of monomeric building blocks and precursor metabolites for cell synthesis were calculated, and an appropriate metabolic stoichiometry on cell biosynthesis was derived.

根据文献中鱼腥藻细胞大分子的含量和组成情况，计算了细胞合成所需要的小分子单体和前体代谢物的量，得到代谢意义上的细胞生物合成计量关系。

As a result, the isolation of genes involved in Taxol biosynthesis is an essential prerequisite, not only for investigation on mechanism of Taxol anabolism and elicitors'function but also for successful manipulation of Taxol anabolism at molecular level.

上述工作的第一步即需要探测和分离紫杉醇生物合成相关基因或主基因，这是研究紫杉醇合成代谢规律和诱导子作用机理的重要切入点，也是实现分子水平上的代谢调控的切入点。

The progress of recent research on the lignin biosynthesis is introduced in this paper.

本文介绍了木质素生物合成途径，重点综述了调控木质素合成的手段及限速酶研究方面的最新进展，并提出存在的问题及展望。

In recent years, studies on limonoids have focused on the chemical structures, biosynthesis and biological activities.

这类化合物具有明显抗癌和抗菌等生物活性，近年来的研究集中在其化学结构、生物合成和生物活性等方面。

As a nature biosynthesis gum,xanthan gum is much more environmental friendly than chemosynthesis gum

同时，由于黄原胶是一种纯天然的生物合成胶，与其他化学合成胶相比更具有环保性。

Semiconservative replication :The two strands of DNA double helix are separated, each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, producing two daughter molecules. Each daughter molecule has one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

半保留复制： DNA 生物合成时，母链 DNA 解开为两股单链，每股单链分别作为模板，以 dNTP(dATP 、 dGTP 、 dCTP 、 dTTP)为原料，按照碱基配对(A － T 、 G － C)规律与模板上的碱基配对，经依赖 DNA 的 DNA 聚合酶催化，合成一条与模板互补的新链，新形成的两个子代 DNA 与亲代 DNA 碱基序列一致，子代 DNA 分子中一股单链是从亲代完整地接受过来，另一股单链是新合成的，故称为半保留复制。

Formate the virus after invading cells, cause host ' s cell ' s supersession to change, biosynthesis does not control by oneself again, make between nucleic acid and a large amount of protein of virus synthetic.

3：合成病毒侵入细胞之后，引起宿主细胞代谢发生改变，生物合成不再由自身支配，使病毒的核酸和蛋白质大量的合成。

However, the first one enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase gene and the second one enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase gene in MEP pathway had been reported and expressed in the latex of rubber tree, indicating that MEP pathway may be involved in rubber biosynthesis.4 - hydroxy -3 - methyl -2 -- butenyl -4 - phosphate reductaseis the last enzyme that catalytic 4 - hydroxy -3 - methyl -(2E)- butenyl -4 - phosphate to generate isopentenyl pyrophosphate.

然而已有报道MEP途径中第1个酶1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸合成酶（1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase，DXS）基因和第2个酶1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸还原酶（1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase ，DXR）基因在橡胶树胶乳中的表达，这表明MEP途径可能参与橡胶的生物合成。4-羟基-3-甲基-2--丁烯基-4-磷酸还原酶（4-hydroxy -3-methyl-2--butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase，HDR）是异戊烯基焦磷酸合成途径之一甲基赤藓糖磷酸（methylerythritol phosphate，MEP）途径中的最后一个酶，催化4-羟基-3-甲基-(2E)-丁烯基-4-磷酸生成异戊烯基焦磷酸。

Most of the studies have demonstr ated that glutamine serves metabolic roles for macrophage.By glutamiolysis pat hway,glutamine provides ATP for the cellular metabolism,intermediates for the biosyn thesis of parine,pyrimidine and nuclecotides,and nitrogen for the formation of glucosamine,GTP and NAD+.

研究表明谷氨酰胺是单核巨噬细胞主要的代谢底物，通过谷氨酰胺酵解途径，为细胞代谢提供能量；为细胞合成DNA和mRNA提供嘌呤、嘧啶、核苷酸生物合成前体；提供氨基葡萄糖，GTP和NAD+合成的氮前体。

Escherichia coli and many other microoganism synthesize aromatic amino acids through the condensation reaction between phospho enolpyruvate and erythro.

ppsA和tktA是芳香族氨基酸生物合成中心途径的两个关键酶基因，在大肠杆菌中，ppsA基因编码磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸合成酶A ，该酶催化丙酮酸合成磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸；tktA基因编码转酮酶A ，该酶在磷酸戊糖途径中生成 4 磷酸赤藓糖起主要作用。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失