生物化学

According to the properties of bio-oil, converting carboxyl acid and aldehyde through esterification and aldolization have great potential.

根据生物油中化学组成的特点，将极性基团转化为稳定的非极性基团的化学改性方法是生物油改性具有潜力的发展方向。

Chemical senses; chemoreception; chemoreceptors; infochemicals; semiochemicals; chemical stimuli; chemical communication; chemical cues; chemical perception; pheromones; pheromone receptors; pheromone traps; pheromone emission; pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide; PBAN; pheromone-binding protein; pheromone glands; Dufour's gland; scent gland; scents; scent marking behavior; territorial behavior; trail following behavior; trail pheromone; aggregation pheromone; alarm pheromone; marking pheromone; oviposition deterring; queen pheromone; sex pheromone

化学感官；化学感受；化学接受体；信息化学；化学信息素；化学刺激物；化学通讯；化学线索；化学感知；信息素；信息素受体；信息素诱骗；信息素发射；信息素生物合成激活肽；PBAN；信息素结合蛋白；信息素腺；杜氏腺；臭腺；气味；臭迹行为；区域性行为；踪迹跟随行为；追踪信息素；群集信息素；报警信息素；标记信息素；产卵阻止；母蜂信息素；性信息素

Our results elucidate the rudiment of the mechanism of duality of the biological effects of the lanthanide, and provide leads and basis for further investigation of the action of the mechanism of metal ions.

研究初步揭示了稀土离子生物效应两面性的化学机理，并为进一步深入无机离子生物效应的化学基础提供的条件。

Nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, which has a good deal of chemical reactions and chemical structures, are very important in the field of application, medicine, biology, medicine, pesticides, and other fields.

含氮杂环是一类具有重要应用价值和良好生物活性的化合物，它们不仅具有丰富的反应化学和结构化学，并且在生物、医药、农药等领域具有重要的应用价值。

Although the intact-receptor based biosensors of the maxillary palp of cockroach Periplaneta Americana are not yet practical analytical devices at present. Yet, sensitive and selective responses to biomolecules involving amino acids and protein, as well as some simple substance such as salts and sugars have been firstly obtained. It is already evident that receptor based biosensors are enormously superior to isolated receptor biosensors in terms of response time and recovery times, thus, the intact receptor biosensor worth of further investigation and development.

总而言之，本论文首次从电生理信号上对美洲蜚蠊下颚须的化学响应进行研究，初步探讨了基于美洲蜚蠊下颚须的整合受体生物传感器的特性；发现了美洲蜚蠊下颚须能够整合其密集的感觉毛阵列对化学刺激的响应；得到了蜚蠊对氨基酸和蛋白质等生物分子以及简单物质如盐和糖等的敏感而具有选择性的响应信号，并发现了糖和蛋白质的特殊响应信号；表明了美洲蜚蠊下颚须是一种新型整合受体生物传感器的敏感材料，进一步深入地研究信号波形及其整合原理、探寻糖和蛋白质的特殊受体细胞等，对这一类型整合受体传感器的研究发展是很有意义的。

In this thesis, we did modifications of alkyl groups upon benzyl fluorophosphonate. In order to study the influence of alkyl length and steric effect on activity and selectivity of probes, we synthesized benzyl fluorophosphonate recognition heads with modifications including ethyl, butyl, octyl and cyclohexyl. By way of connecting different kinds of tag like azido group, biotin and rhodamine with recognition heads separately through a higher hydrophilic ethylene glycol derived linker, a series of benzyl fluorophosphonate probes were made up. And they will apply to various biological testing strategies.

在本论文中，我们以苯甲基氟化磷酸酯为基础，於其上进行一系列烷基之修饰，为了探讨烷基长度与空间立体性质对於探针活性及选择性的影响，我们合成了包含乙烷基、丁烷基、辛烷基以及环己烷基修饰的苯甲基氟化磷酸酯辨识端，并藉由具较高亲水性的聚乙二醇衍生连接桥结合三种不同的发报端，分别有叠氮基团、生物素及萤光基团来构成不同的化学探针组合，这一系列苯甲基氟化磷酸酯类化学探针将可被应用於不同的生物测试策略。

Chemical senses; chemoreception; chemoreceptors; infochemicals; semiochemicals; chemical stimuli; chemical communication; chemical cues; chemical perception; vomeronasal organ; vomeronasal epithelium; vomeromodulin; pheromone-binding protein; pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide; PBAN; Dufour's gland; scent gland; scents; scent marking behavior; territorial behavior; feeding behavior; mating behavior; reproductive behavior; trail following behavior

化学知觉；化学感受化学接受体；信息化学；化学信息素；化学刺激物；化学通讯；化学因子；化学感觉；梨鼻器；犁鼻骨上皮；vomeromodulin；信息素-结合蛋白；信息素生物合成-激活神经肽；PBAN；杜氏腺；臭腺；气味；臭迹行为；区域性行为；摄食行为；交配行为；生殖行为；踪迹跟随行为下一页末页共有 29 条记录，本页从第 1 到第 10 条。

Internal dose ones and external dose ones are concluded.(2) Biomarker of effect. It indicates those indicaters inflecting the biochemical, biophysical, behavioral, or else changes. Three types of biomarkers, early biological effect, altered structure / functon and disease, are comprised.

生物标志物是包括反映生物系统与环境中化学、物理或生物因素之间相互作用的任何测定指标，可将其分为三类：(1)接触的生物标志物，即反映机体生物材料中外源性物质或其代谢物或外源性物质与某些靶细胞或靶分子相互作用产物的含量，包括反映内剂量和生物效应剂量两类标志物；(2)效应的生物标志物，指机体中可测出的生化、生理、行为或其他改变的指标，包括反映早期生物效应、结构和功能改变(altered structure/functon)及疾病3类标志物；(3)易感性的生物标志物，即反映机体先天具有或后天获得的对接触外源性物质产生反应能力的指标。

The existence of natural toxins is a fundamental phenomenon of life, it is a set of specific bioactive chemical substance, which evolved through a long period from nature. Natural toxins show multiplicities in biogenic source, chemical structure, biological function and active mechanism.

生物毒素的存在是一种重要的生命现象，它是自然生物界长期进化发展的具有特殊生物活性的化学产物，而且在生源、化学、功能、作用机制等方面表现出多重多样性。

The existence of natural toxins is a fundamental phenomenon of life, it is a set of specific bioactive chemical substance, which evolved through a long period from nature. Natural toxins show multiplicities in biogenic source, chemical structure, biological function and active mechanism.

文摘： 生物毒素的存在是一种重要的生命现象，它是自然生物界长期进化发展的具有特殊生物活性的化学产物，而且在生源、化学、功能、作用机制等方面表现出多重多样性。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。