生物

The main purpose of this course is to introduce Biological industry's related machinery including the theory, structure, and applications. The content as follows: introduction, operation and cost analysis, energy related machine, cell, organ, machine, seeding, transplant, harvest, livestock and fish, nutrition, pesticide, related machine

本课程是以生物本身或其个别要素为对象，分别介绍其生产相关之机械，主要著重於机械原理，构造，应用与生物的关系，生物产业机械其内容包括生物产业机械概论，生物产业机械作业与成本分析，能源相关机械，细胞，组织相关机械，播种，移植，收获，调制机具，畜产，水产，营养，药剂相关机械。

Biological industry's 2R C. H. HungThe main purpose of this course is to introduce Biological industry's related machinery including the theory, structure, and applications. The content as follows: introduction, operation and cost analysis, energy related machine, cell, organ, machine, seeding, transplant, harvest, livestock and fish,nutrition, pesticide, related machine

本课程是以生物本身或其个别要素为对象，分别介绍其生产相关之机械，主要著重於机械原理、构造、应用与生物的关系，生物产业机械其内容包括生物产业机械概论、生物产业机械作业与成本分析、能源相关机械、细胞、组织相关机械、播种、移植、收获、调制机具、畜产、水产、营养、药剂相关机械。

This article in summarizes in our country nature protection area construction achievement foundation, outlined the nature protection area to each kind of natural ecosystem, the wild biology, the domesticated spec ie s, the wild blood relationship to plant and the idioplasm resources conservation present situation, including has constructed the nature protection area for protection biodiversity various components quantity, the area, the distribution and the management; Has appraised the nature protection area to the biodiversity various components protection effect; Has analyzed the existence question and proposed that strengthens measure which the biodiversity protects.

自然保护区建设是保护生物多样性的最有效途径。至1993年底，我国共建立各类型自然保护区763个，总面积6618万hm2，约占国土面积的6.8%。本文在总结我国自然保护区建设成就的基础上，概述了自然保护区对各类自然生态系统、野生生物、驯化物种、野生亲缘种及种质资源保护的现状，包括为保护生物多样性各组分已建自然保护区的数量、面积、分布及管理；评价了自然保护区对生物多样性各组分保护的效果；分析了存在问题并提出加强生物多样性就地保护的措施。

This article mainly explains the safety principium of infectant factors in waste water vented by the paper making industry in China. Through the study on the experiment in open country and indoors with soil pole, indicating that it is a complicated process of biochemical degradation to form a layer, which has a biochemical capability to process COD degradation in polluted water from paper making industry.

综述我国造纸业污水中的污染因子危及地下水水质安全的机理，通过对野外试验和室内土柱试验的过程及结果进行分析研究，表明在包气带中形成一个以生物化学作用为主的生化层在造纸污水中COD降解是一个复杂的生物化学降解过程；生化层在天然状态下形成，由生物氧化带和生物氧化还原带形成，其形成过程具有明显的阶段性；只有当生物氧化还原带形成后，生化层才发育成熟，具备对COD降解的生化能力；生化层空间分布，仅局限在污水池、渠底部包气带中有垂向渗流的部分。

According to the above study results, especially the steady operation of two-sludge system（2A/O+N 2SBR）, it can be proved that denitrification and excess phosphorus uptake are relatively independent and intersectant biological processes. The overlap is that denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteriawhich possesses the two bacterial metabolisms, could utilize nitrate as an electron acceptor for phosphorus uptake. The two-sludge system can not only combined biological phosphorus removal and denitrification processes to form a process in practical wastwater treatment , but also solved the main difficulties of current single-sludge systems:①the sludge age competition between phosphorus removing bacteria and nitrifier;② the substrate competition between denitrification and dephosphatation.

以上的研究结果，尤其是时间序列的双泥生物反硝化除磷脱氮系统工艺（2A/O+N 2SBR法）的稳定运行，不仅证明了生物脱氮与生物除磷是两个既相对独立又相互交叉的生理过程，其交叉点是同时拥有硝酸盐还原性和超量吸磷这两种生化特性的细菌进行的反硝化吸磷脱氮生化反应，而且双泥系统工艺克服了常规单泥生物脱氮除磷工艺的两大问题（①聚磷菌和硝化菌的SRT相互干扰；②反硝化与生物除磷竞争VFA），同时保证了脱氮和除磷效果，排水指标达到污水综合排水标准（GB8978-1996）的一级标准，具有实际工程使用价值。

Mean scatterer spacing is an important parameter for describing the biological tissues miciostractuial features and tissues ultrasonic scattering characteristics.

生物组织散射元平均间距是描述生物组织微观结构特性和生物组织超声散射特性的重要参数，生物组织的超声散射特性研究是生物医学超声学中最基本最重要的课题之一。

O the soil surfaces due to the less proportion of the activable forms. The results of species analysis also indicated that human activities not only led to higher accumulation of some heavy metals, but also induced the increase of their mobility and bioavailabily, which caused a greater ecological risk by these heavy metals.

矿区土壤重金属元素的生物有效性系数结果表明，重金属中Cd、Mn的生物有效性系数最高，Co、Pb、Zn的生物有效性系数次之，Cu的生物有效性系数最低，说明Cd、Mn元素的生物可利用性强，由此带来的环境危害也较大。

In the study XRD, FT-IR, PCR amplificator, 373A DNA sequencer, GC, electrophoretogram and TEM apparatuses and so forth are used to give a way for accurately scientific research. It chooses two kinds of petrochemical industry wastewater as object of study. One is the mixture of seawater and freshwater and the other is freshwater. In the course of the research, the two kinds of petrochemical wastewater are studied in the laboratory and refinery by using CBDS, and it has got a good result.

在研究过程中，选择了海淡混合水和淡水石油化工废水作为复合生物脱氮的研究对象，利用生物反应器、气相色谱仪、X-射线衍射仪、PCR扩增仪、DNA序列分析仪、电泳仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜等仪器设备，研究了CBDS生物体系和生物载体系统，并确定了石油化工废水复合生物脱氮工艺最佳操作条件。

The Biosystematic Codes index contains the BIOSIS Biosystematic Code for an organism and the corresponding organism classifier discussed in the source document.

生物系统密码的索引包括一种生物体BIOSIS生物密码和在源文档中分类讨论的相应的生物有机体的BIOSIS生物密码，这些生物密码放在括号中，后面跟着分类，分类后面跟着新的分类，这些新分类可以在源分类里讨论时鉴别出来。

Third, it has a discussion on the development of modern and traditional artificial neural network technology and their application in image processing. It summaries that the model of the Pulse-coupled neural network based on Elkhorn's model of the cat visual cortex was constructed according to the mammalian vision systems. The nonlinear modulation property, which is a generic and pervasive biological pulse-coupling mechanism, is used in the construction of PCNN. So, PCNN finds many applications in image processing, including segmentation, edge extraction et al. As all known, the performance of the image segmentation depends not only directly on the adjustment of PCNN parameters and the statistical properties of image but also on the cyclic iteration times N of PCNN. If the parameters have been properly set, it turns out to be essential to select a suitable criterion to determine N.

回顾了神经网络技术的现状，指出传统人工神经网络只利用了生物神经元有限的属性进行模型构建，而90年代产生的脉冲耦合神经网络充分利用了哺乳动物视神经网络特有属性，其神经元模型除了考虑生物神经元特有的线性相加、兴奋与抑制属性外，还考虑到生物神经元特有的非线性相乘调制耦合特性；考虑了哺乳动物视神经系统视野受到适当刺激时，相邻连接神经元同步激发产生35Hz～70Hz振荡脉冲串特性等，所以PCNN网络模型更靠近真实生物视觉特性，特别是哺乳动物视神经网络，特别适合计算机图像处理应用，尤其在生物细胞图像分割、图像平滑、降噪及图像中目标的分类、计数等方面的研究。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。