生物

Course of Antecedence: Introduction of Modern Biotechnology, Principles of Gene Engineering

课程内容：生物工程--酶工程、基因工程、细胞工程和发酵工程的基本原理；污染治理生物技术；污染预防生物技术；生物技术与能源；废物资源化生物技术；环境生物监测与安全性评价等。

GEN is the source for news on biotechnology, bioregulation, bioprocess, bioresearch and technology transfer. In addition to news and feature articles, each issue of GEN includes BioProcess Tutorials, New Products, Wall Street Biobeat, Clinical Trials Update, Collaborations and Agreements, University Gene Beat, People, Calendar and Biotechnology on the World Wide Web.

同时基因工程新闻网也是生物技术，生物调控，生物处理，生物研究和生物技术转化类新闻的主要提供者，其它还包括生物加工指南，新产品，临床试验最新信息，合作与交流，以及互联网上人及生物技术类信息。

They can be classificated to two kinds. One kind is build by photomultiplier; another kind is build by MCP. The mechanism of delayed luminescence is discussed with subradiation. A photon count system is built. To proof the biophoton is a kind of ultra weak photon stream originate from exothermic reaction, and primarily discuss the relationship between the delayed luminescence and proteins activity, we chose microphyllous banyan leave , ficus elastica leave, gingkgo leave, Chinese fan palm leave, and cinnamomum camphora leave as biological samples. The ultra weak photon emission from normal biosamples, and proteins inactivated biosample were measured separately with photon count system. The results showed that the delayed luminescence of biosamples have

在研究过程中，作者从辐射陷获的角度讨论了延迟发光的产生机制，对生物光子的生物化学起源与相干场起源的统一性进行了探索；自行搭建了单光子探测系统；测量了小叶榕树、印度橡树，银杏树，蒲葵树香和樟树等多种植物叶片样品的延迟发光，获得了大量实验数据；为了证明生物光子是一种起源于放热化学反应能量释放的微弱光子流，并初步探讨生物蛋白活性与延迟发光衰减之间的关系，测量了正常生物样品、生物蛋白灭活样品的延迟发光，同时测量了多种不含蛋白质的无机化学体系作为比对，实验结果和实验数据的回归分析表明：弱光子发射来源于放热的化学反应，延迟发光的强度与衰减时间与生物蛋白活性密切相关。

This showed that capacity of water-holding in biological soil crusts were obvious improve,and effected precipitation permeate or water second distribute process.The study results of"fertile islands"formation mechanism in biological crusts showed that biological crusts layer cover could increased nutrients content for below sand soil through precipitation permeate washing,and it promoted plants assimilate more nutriment.The matter import ways of biological soil crusts fertility island had many ways,including the effection of living macrobiotics metabolism in crusts levels,wind-sand flow of near surface,dust deposition and plants decomposition course,etc.Source of particle matter in biological soil crusts was wind-sand flow of near surface,and not dust deposition.Biological crusts layer cover had preserved effection for nature water content in 0-5cm soil layer,compared with the sand of no biological crusts layer,effecting precipitation permeate,and could not obvious restrained from the water evaporate process indoor experiment.

生物结皮层肥岛形成机制的研究结果表明：生物结皮层覆盖能够通过降水淋溶作用而增加下层土壤养分的含量，进而促进植物对养分的吸收；生物结皮层养分输入有结皮生物代谢、降尘、风沙流和植物分解矿化作用等多(来源：A73e3B3eC论文网www.abclunwen.com)种途径，但生物结皮层的颗粒物质来源主要是近地表风沙流，而不是大气降尘；生物结皮层覆盖对0-5cm土层自然含水量有一定的保护作用，并影响降水向深层渗透，不能有效的阻止表层水分的蒸发进程；研究表明采取人工促进技术能够在流动沙丘上形成生物结皮层，实现流动沙地的快速治理。

The biomarkers such as the n-Alkanes, the isoprenoids, the terpane, and cholestane were detected through GC-MS analysis. Based on the study of the biomarkers, the biological evolution during Permian and Triassic can be divided as three stages, namely, the mixing source stage of low biota such as thallose and advanced plant in late Permian (below bed 63), the stage of low biota such as thallose in the boundary transitional layer (bed 63-69) and the mixing source stage of advanced plant and low biota such as thallose in early Triassic (above bed 69). What's more, the second stage near the boundary transitional layer can be subdivided into 4 stages. The stages of biota evolution is close related with sedimentary environment changing and the boundary transitional layer.

利用GC—MS分析技术，在陆相地层中检测出正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜烷和甾烷类生物标志化合物并根据生物标志化合物和特征值研究，将二叠系—三叠系生物演化划分为三个大的阶段，即晚二叠世的菌藻类低等生物与高等植物混源阶段（63层以下），界线异常层的菌藻类低等生物阶段（63-69层）和早三叠世高等植物与菌藻类低等生物混源阶段（69层以上），界线附近异常层的第二阶段又进一步细分为4个次一级阶段，生物演化阶段与沉积环境变化及界线异常层具有非常密切关系。

Thus, we got a systemetical analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the comparative and competitive advantages of Chinese competitory power of bio-industry, pointing out its advantages and problems, according to which we put up the "diamond model factor" system analysis and evaluation and got the main conclusions about supportive conditions and restricted factors and so on as the important basis to promote the competitory power of Chinese bio-industry.

对中国的研究，主要是从中国生物产业发展总体状况入手，分析中国生物产业的规模和结构，进行中国生物产业竞争力比较优势和竞争优势的系统分析及综合评价，明确中国生物产业竞争力的优势，揭示问题和不足，进而对中国生物产业竞争力进行了&钻石模型要素&系统分析和评价，得出中国生物产业竞争力的支撑条件和制约因素等主要结论，作为提升中国生物产业竞争力的重要依据。

Each unitis of different biotic characters and displays different features of seawater composition during the time. 2 The black unit including a biotic extinction was caused by oceanic anoxic event. Crisis that deepwater keeled foraminifera encountered represents a ferocious anoxia in deep marine environment . Biotic recovery in gray unit reflects gradually improved marine circumstance. What the biotic extinction at the C/T boundary in black unit reflects an environmental mutation, whereas the gradual biotic change characterize the recovery of marine dissolved oxygen environment in a stepwise process. The red unit is the result of oxic deposition and characterized by extremely abundance of foraminiferal faunas, which reflects a high-oxidized marine circumstance. 3 As the most ordinary biotic index in paleoceanography researches, foraminifera represent anexcellent environmental indicator in this paper.

三套岩层表现出不同的生物特征，并指示出当时海水的不同性质。2黑层段是大洋缺氧造成的结果，生物大量灭绝，深层水具旋脊有孔虫的所遭受的危机反映出当时海洋深层水体严重缺氧的特征；灰层段中生物的恢复反映出海洋环境自缺氧事件之后的逐步改善过程，与黑层段反映的C/T 界线处生物绝灭反映的环境突变不同，灰层段生物特征的渐变指示出当时海洋溶解氧环境的恢复也是一个逐步的过程；红层段属于富氧沉积的产物，特征是有孔虫生物的极度繁盛，反映的是一种高氧化性的海洋环境。3有孔虫作为古海洋研究中最常用的生物指标，在本文研究中显示了良好的环境指示性。

Biomedicine (preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic bio products), modern bio-agriculture (animal embryo transplantation, cultivation of TCM herbs, edible fungi, bio diesel oil and fuel ethanol), bio-medical engineering materials and products, environmental bioengineering and food biotech so as to achieve substantial progress in development of bio industry base centered with Chengdu.

继续强化生物医药（预防生物制品、治疗类生物制品、诊断类生物制品）、现代生物农业（动物胚胎移植、中药材种植、食用菌、生物柴油、燃料乙醇）、生物医学工程材料及制品、环境生物工程、食品生物技术等五大门类的技术创新和产业化，在以成都为核心的生物产业基地建设上取得实质进展。

The characteristics, status of production and application, developing prospects, technical headways and problems in industries of biological catalyst, biological plastic, biological pesticide, biological fertilizer, biological oil refining, biological environmental protection and traditional biochemicals were also discussed.

结合生物工程的发展趋势，概述了生物技术在石油化学工业的应用领域，探讨了生物催化剂、生物塑料、生物农药、生物化肥、生物炼油、生物环保及传统生化产品等行业的特点、生产应用状况、开发前景、技术进展及存在的问题。

The whole process for the adoption of the original rough cut grid after sewage upgrade sewage pump upgrade, the grid or screen rate cut, after entering desilting tank, the sand separation of sewage water into the initial sedimentation tanks, more than one address, Shen early pool of water into the biological treatment facilities, activated sludge and biofilm,(which activated sludge of the reactor have aeration tanks, oxidation ditch, biofilm law, including biological filter, biological Wheel, biological Contact oxidation and biological CFB), The sedimentation tank sludge back to the initial part of sedimentation tanks or biological processing equipment, part of concentrated sludge into the pool, after digesting sludge into the pool, after dehydration and drying equipment, the sludge was last used

整个过程为通过粗格删的原污水经过污水提升泵提升后，经过格删或者筛率器，之后进入沉砂池，经过砂水分离的污水进入初次沉淀池，以上为一级处理，初沉池的出水进入生物处理设备，有活性污泥法和生物膜法，(其中活性污泥法的反应器有曝气池，氧化沟等，生物膜法包括生物滤池、生物转盘、生物接触氧化法和生物流化床)，二沉池的污泥一部分回流至初次沉淀池或者生物处理设备，一部分进入污泥浓缩池，之后进入污泥消化池，经过脱水和干燥设备后，污泥被最后利用。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。