生物-社会的

Although the intact-receptor based biosensors of the maxillary palp of cockroach Periplaneta Americana are not yet practical analytical devices at present. Yet, sensitive and selective responses to biomolecules involving amino acids and protein, as well as some simple substance such as salts and sugars have been firstly obtained. It is already evident that receptor based biosensors are enormously superior to isolated receptor biosensors in terms of response time and recovery times, thus, the intact receptor biosensor worth of further investigation and development.

总而言之，本论文首次从电生理信号上对美洲蜚蠊下颚须的化学响应进行研究，初步探讨了基于美洲蜚蠊下颚须的整合受体生物传感器的特性；发现了美洲蜚蠊下颚须能够整合其密集的感觉毛阵列对化学刺激的响应；得到了蜚蠊对氨基酸和蛋白质等生物分子以及简单物质如盐和糖等的敏感而具有选择性的响应信号，并发现了糖和蛋白质的特殊响应信号；表明了美洲蜚蠊下颚须是一种新型整合受体生物传感器的敏感材料，进一步深入地研究信号波形及其整合原理、探寻糖和蛋白质的特殊受体细胞等，对这一类型整合受体传感器的研究发展是很有意义的。

Since near a century ,with the expanding population and advancement of the technology ,people strengthen the domanial using continuously, and lead enlarging the range of use and adding the intensity of use land constantly,for the satisfying increasing demand of people oneself. Changed the upper configuration ,circle of biological physics and chemistrys and balance of biological species and leading change of the global climates and decrease of biological species which can not rverse .

近一个世纪以来，随着人口的膨胀和技术的进步，人类为了满足自身日益增长的需求，不断加强对土地的索取，致使土地利用的范围不断扩大、土地利用强度不断加深，从而改变了地表的形态、生物物理、化学循环及生物物种的平衡，造成了全球气候的显著变化和生物物种不可逆转的减少。

This whole research constitutes two independent projects, that is "Estimating divergence times among subfamilies in Nymphalidae" and "Fine- and landscape-scale spatial genetic structure of cushion rockjasmine, Androsace tapete, across southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", which discussed respectively the application of molecular evolutionary analysis in two aspects of evolutionary biology.

分子进化分析就是利用分子数据来研究进化问题。地球上呈现的生物多样性则是突变和自然选择的产物，是生物进化的结果。生物进化的过程包含有两个面：基因的长期进化和遗传多样性，也就是通常意义上的大进化和小进化。该项目就是以两个不同的实验——即&蛱蝶科各亚科间分歧时间的估计&和&青藏高原垫状点地梅的空间遗传结构分析&——分别探讨了分子进化分析在大小进化两个方面的应用。

The contents are mainly divided into three parts: The first part describes mechanism and metabolism rule of natural products and its classification ; The second part is about the growth and development of plants and their mutual relationship, natural biological active substances which are produced in the course of defending plant diseases and insect damages. The third part is not only the function and principle of medicine, anticancer and antioxygen activity of different kinds of natural products such as resin ,essential oil, high molecule, grease and so on but also their application. The fourth is security problem of Plant Natural Products. Through the lessons, we can correctly understand and use the relationship between plants and environment.

其课程分为13章，内容主要分为4大部分，一是阐述植物天然产物的发生机理和代谢规律，介绍相关主要植物种类，并对天然产物进行化学分类；二是讲述植物天然产物和自身生长发育之间的关系、天然产物如何影响植物之间的相互关系、以及植物如何利用天然生物活性物质抵御病虫害的威胁；三是详细描述了各种天然产物，如植物自身生长发育过程中所产生的活性物质、植物与其它生物之间的相互关系中所产生的生物活性物质、植物毒性物质、植物药理活性物质、植物抗生物质、植物树脂、植物精油、植物高分子、植物油脂、植物抗氧化活性成分等，并阐述它们的药理活性、抗癌性、抗氧化性等对人类健康起作用的的功能和原理；四是提出了植物天然产物的安全性问题，并介绍相关案例和介绍相关法规；在此基础上还专门讲述了树脂、精油、高分子、以及油脂类等天然产物的应用。

Be in from the ground in the atmosphere advection layer of 50 kilometers of 15 ～, centered the ozone gas of on the earth 90%, although its chroma never exceeds 1/100000, all concentration rises to also have a even thinner than sole only, but it assimilated opposite substance effectively harmful, wavelengh is less than the UV-C of sun ultraviolet ray of 295nm, and opposite content hurtless, wavelengh is more than the UV-A of sun ultraviolet ray of 320nm to make them all pass however, opposite content has certain harm, wavelengh is in the UV-B of sun ultraviolet ray of 295 ～ 320nm also is absorbed for the most part.

在离地面15～50公里的大气平流层中，集中了地球上90%的臭氧气体，虽然其浓度从未超过十万分之一，全部集中起来也只有比鞋底还要薄的一层，但它却有效地吸收了对生物有害的，波长小于295nm 的太阳紫外线 UV-C，而对生物无害的，波长大于320nm 的太阳紫外线 UV-A 却让它们全部通过，对生物有一定危害，波长在295～320nm 的太阳紫外线 UV-B 大部分也被吸收。

The research results indicate that LED integrated photopanel as interior illuminant, which emit monochromic light such as red light(660～680nm)and blue light(430～450nm), not only cover with spectrums absorbed by the plant or algae for photosynthesis, enhance the light energy absorbed by chlorophyll a and the growth of Spirulina platensis, increase greatly microalgal biomass and the its content of photosynthetic pigments; but also decrease enormously the absorption spectrums not need for photosynthesis, save energy at more than 38.75%.

从LED集成光电板的光电特性、光热效应、光衰减性、光辐射特征与植物和藻类光吸收特征的相匹配性及LED辐射单色光对螺旋藻的光合色素含量的影响等几方面，分析研究了LED集成光电板作为光生物反应器内部光源的特性及可行性，研究结果表明，LED集成光电板作为光生物反应器的内部光源，它所发射的单色光谱红光660～680nm、蓝光(430～450nm，不仅能覆盖植物和藻类光合作用所需要吸收的光谱能带，促进叶绿素a对光能的吸收和螺旋藻的生长，增强光合作用，使细胞生物量与光合色素含量显著提高；而且不被吸收的光谱减少，节能达38.75％，无疑它将是光生物反应器潜在最有效的光源。

On the ecosystem health, definitions from utilization and ecosystem views are introduced, the contents and difficulties in assessing it are discussed. On the biodiversity enhancement, the relationship between forest structural complexity and forest biodiversity are discussed, the significance of old growth structure are highlighted, and measures of changing forest structure to promote forest biodiversity are put forward. On the landscape planning in forest management, some patterns, theoretical foundations and models are introduced, especially three conceptual models, i.e., key habitat\|corridors model, nature landscape model, and supportive features model. On the alternative silvicultural systems, reasons for developing alternative silvicultural system by mimic of nature disturbance are discussed, and some advanced techniques and their ecological basis are noted. Finally, on the ecosystem service, its contents and importance of assessment are illustrated.

关于森林生态系统健康，讨论了不同角度对生态系统健康的定义和不同层次上的生态系统健康的内容及评价生态系统健康的困难所在；②关于森林生物多样性，探讨了森林结构复杂性与生物多样性的关系，老龄林结构对森林生态系统的意义和作用，以及如何通过经营调整结构促进生物多样性；③关于森林经营的景观规划，描述了进行景观规划的途径、理论和模型，并对三种概念模型进行了介绍；④关于森林经营的替代技术体系，介绍了模拟自然干扰设计替代技术体系的原理，分析了替代经营技术体系产生的原因和有关最新技术研究进展；⑤关于森林生态系统服务，讨论了生态系统服务的基本内容和评价在森林生态系统管理中的重要意义。

objective to study the effects of rabdosiae serrae compound preparation on staphylococcus aureus biofilm.methods minimal inhibitory coh centration were tested by doubling dilution,and simulate s.aureus biofilm in vitro be improved brown plate method.the effects of r.serrae compound preparation in different mic on s.aureus biofilm were determined and confirmed by scanning electronic microscope.single layer cells of human floss film were used to test the toxic effects of the compoud preparation.results the mic of s.serrae compound to s.aureus was 128?

目的 研究溪黄草复方对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的影响。方法采用试管二倍稀释法测定药物的最低抑菌浓度，用brown平板改良法体外复制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜模型，并检测溪黄草复方的不同mic浓度对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的影响，扫描电镜确认。采用人绒毛膜单层细胞体外培养检测受试药物的毒性作用。结果溪黄草复方对金黄色葡萄球菌的mic值为128？

It is influenced by both biotic factors and abiotic factors.

植被原生演替过程受到生物因素和非生物因素的共同影响。

The present development,applied situation and production technology of bio-diesel in China and aboard were reviewed in this paper.

文章综述了国内外生物柴油发展及应用现状、生产技术进展以及我国应用和发展前景，并提出了将农作物秸秆作为原料合成生物柴油的思想。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。