生殖腺

Results The hEFs were successfully isolated and cultivated from gonadal ridges and dorsal mesenteries of human embryos. They could be passaged beyond the 25th generation. The biologic characteristics of the cells did not change, even in high-passage cells or frozen-thawed cells. The cells expressed prolyl 4-hydroxylase β, but not cytokeratin-4, which was similar to the fibroblasts. The cultured cells expressed bFGF and LIF.

结果：从人胚胎生殖腺嵴和肠背系膜中成功地分离培养出hEFs，该细胞可传25代以上，且经过传代及冻存复苏后生物学特性无改变；hEFs表达脯氨酰4-羟化酶β亚单位，不表达细胞角蛋白4，确定其为成纤维细胞；该成纤维细胞表达bFGF和LIF。

The testis index, testis volumes were same as the annual changes of testis mass. The curves of annual variation were all unimodality.2 The spermatogenetic cycle of Myospalax cansus comprises seven stages with significant features: Stage I , from February to April, the testis were at the stage of spermatogonia proliferation. In this period, testis index and the number of spermatogonia began to rise. Other spermatogenic cells had not yet formed; Stage II to III, from March to April, primary spermatocyte meiosis period. The testis index was highest in this stage, and spermatogenic cells were in spermatocyte stage, the primary spermatocyte meiosis generated to secondary spermatocyte; Stage IV, from April to May, spermatocytes continued to split, germ cells appeared in seminiferous tubules; Stage V, in May, sperm formation, spermatids of seminiferous tubules were transformed to spermatozoa, a large number of sperms existed in the lumen; Stage VI, spermatozoa emission period, from May to June, testis index were a significant drop and mature spermatozoa excluded gradually; VII, the testicular activity ceased basically from July to September, November to January of the following year, the spermatogenic activity ceased completely. Therefore, Myospalax cansus are animals of seasonal reproduction, spermatogenesis cycle is discontinuous type.

睾丸系数、体积和重量的年周期变化规律一致，变化曲线呈现单峰型。2甘肃鼢鼠雄性生殖腺的年周期活动由7个特征明显的时期构成：Ⅰ期，2～3月份，精原细胞增殖期，睾丸系数开始上升，精原细胞进行有丝分裂，其他生精细胞尚未形成；3～4月份为Ⅱ～Ⅲ期，初级精母细胞成熟分裂期，睾丸系数达到最大，生精细胞大多处于精母细胞阶段，初级精母细胞减数分裂生成次级精母细胞；Ⅳ期，4～5月份精母细胞继续进行分裂，精细胞在生精小管内出现；Ⅴ期，5月份，精子形成期，曲细精管中精细胞变态成精子，在管腔中存在大量的精子；Ⅵ期，精子排放期，5～6月份，睾丸系数显著下降，成熟精子从生精小管上脱离，逐渐排除；Ⅶ期，精原细胞停滞期，7～9月份睾丸生精活动基本停滞，11～翌年1月，生精活动完全停止。

Analysis of gene chip data revealed that the silkworm AbdB gene is expressed contiuously during the whole stages of pupa development and there is an evident difference on expression of AbdB in males and the females at 12 h after cocooning and 7 d after cocooning.

取雌、雄蛹的生殖腺材料进一步对上簇后7d AbdB基因在雌、雄蛹中的表达差异进行了验证，结果同前面分析一致。

Specimens were reared under different temperatures, photoperiods, and densities. Total weights of lacerates were used as an index of investment in asexual reproduction, whereas gonad weights as an index of investment in sexual reproduction.

为了解答这个疑惑，我们以美丽海葵（Aiptasia pulchella Carlgren 1943）为材料，以不同的环境变因：温度、光周期、海葵个体密度为处理，并以碎裂片数目、大小及湿重代表无性生殖的反应与投资，以生殖腺湿重代表有性生殖的投资，探讨海葵的有、无性生殖投资之间是否有补偿作用的现象。

Objective: To determine whether the cells that we obtained from the in vitro culture of human embyonic genital ridges and dorsal mesenteries were the undifferentiated human embryonic germ cells , to find out the best kind of passaging method , and finally to identify these serial passaged cells .

目的：鉴定组织块培养法体外培养人胚胎生殖腺嵴和背侧肠系膜所获得的细胞为未分化的人胚胎生殖细胞；尝试不同时间和不同方法对人EG细胞进行传代培养，探讨最佳传代时机和传代方法；并确定传代培养的细胞仍为未分化的人EG细胞。

Methods: The hEGcs from the gonadal ridges and dorsal mesenteries of human embryos aged 5-10 weeks were cultured with or without cytokine in culture medium to observe their growth and the effects of different cell culture systems were compared.

取5~10周人胚胎生殖腺嵴和背侧肠系膜，用添加和不添加细胞因子的两种培养体系对比进行组织块原代及传代培养，选取生长情况良好的传至第4代的人EG细胞，移植到急性心肌梗死大鼠的梗死心肌周围，分别于移植后1天、1、2、4周处死大鼠，以鼠抗人细胞核抗体MAB1281作为示踪剂，通过免疫组化方法检测移植细胞的分布。

To isolate, cultivate and identify the human embryonic fibroblasts derived from the gonadal ridges and dorsal mesenteries of human embryos, and to detect the expression by hEFs of cytokines crucial for the growth of human embryonic germ cells in vitro.

目的：从人胚胎生殖腺嵴和肠背系膜中分离、培养及鉴定人胚胎成纤维细胞，检测hEFs表达人胚胎生殖细胞体外生长所需的重要细胞因子。

The hEFs derived from gonadal ridges and dorsal mesenteries of human embryos are successfully isolated and cultivated,and the cells express the cytokines essential for the growth of hEG in vitro.

成功地分离和培养了人胚胎生殖腺嵴和肠背系膜来源的成纤维细胞，证明其表达对于hEG体外生长起重要作用的细胞因子。

Methods Primary human embryonic germ cells were obtained by tissue culturing of embryonic genital ridges and mesenteries from the embryos aged 8 weeks, and then were passaged on the 8th and 16th day using pick-up and digestive passage method. Three kinds of digestive juice were used.

取8周人胚胎的生殖腺嵴和肠背系膜，进行组织块体外培养人胚胎生殖细胞，选择原代培养第8天和第16天的细胞，采用挑取传代法和消化传代法，其中的消化传代法采用三种不同的消化液进行传代培养，记录各代培养的细胞集落数。

Methods The hEFs were isolated by enzyme digestion from gonadal ridges and dorsal mesenteries of 5- to 9- week old human embryos. The cells were then cultivated. The biologic characteristics (morphology, growth characteristics and cell cycle) of these cells were also studied.

利用酶消化法从孕5～9周龄人胚胎的生殖腺嵴和肠背系膜中分离培养hEFs，检测其生物学特性（细胞形态、细胞生长特点、细胞周期）。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。