生态种

The following conclusions have been made in this paper.(1) Based on CO_2 flux data of eddy covariance, variation characteristics of gross primary productivity in four flux observation stations were studied, which are an alpine meadow, an alpine shrub meadow, a swamp alpine meadow and a steppe alpine meadow at Dongxiong. The results show that photosynthetic capacity of the alpine meadow is the highest, and the annual total GPP is 652.2g C/m~2. Daily-differencing approach is used to analyze the random error of CO_2 fluxes measurements. The results show that the distribution of random error follows more closely follows a double-exponential, rather than a normal distribution, capturing the high peak and thick tail, and the random error varies with environment variables, which violates the assumptions for the ordinary least squares fitting with normality and homoscedasticity, consequently, we introduce maximum likelihood method for parameter optimization.

本文主要在以下几个方面开展工作并获得了一些认知和结论：(1)通过分析样带区域内高寒草甸、高寒灌丛、沼泽化湿地和草原化高寒草甸四个通量观测站点草地生态系统总初级生产力变化特征，研究结果表明HBBT矮嵩草草甸生态系统植被光合作用能力较强，年GPP总量为652.2 gC/m~2，明显高于其他三种生态系统；通过利用"单塔日变化法"获得四站点通量观测数据随机误差，结果表明通量观测随机误差概率分布呈现尖峰厚尾的特征，与正态分布相比，更服从双边指数分布，进一步分析表明通量观测随机误差随环境变量(风速、温度和光合有效辐射)的变化而变化，这违背了普通最小二乘法进行生态过程模型参数优化正态分布且误差同质的假设，因此本研究中引入最大似然法进行生态过程模型参数优化。

A clone from each genotype was randomly selected as representative for sequencing. The obtained 16S rDNA gene sequences had a similarity of 87%-100% with those in the GenBank (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov), and more than half of them had a similarity lower than 97%, being of new species. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the bacteria in the two soils were classified into 10 groups, with 5 groups in common. The dominant bacterial groups in the two soils differed obviously. In primeval forest soil, the dominant group was Proteobacteria, which had 39 genotypes, occupying 58.0% of all the clones; while in the soil of degraded ecosystem the dominant groups were Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, which had 19 and 15 genotypes occupying 32.5% and 30.5% of all the clones, respectively. In the soil of degraded ecosystem, Proteobacteria group decreased while Acidobacteria group increased markedly, compared with those in primeval forest soil.

从每种基因型中随机选择一个克隆子作为代表进行测序分析，所有序列与GenBank数据库中序列的同源性为87%~100%，且两样地中均有超过一半的基因型序列与数据库中已知序列同源性低于97%，属于分类在"种"地位上的新发现细菌；通过系统发育研究将两样地的细菌分为10大类群，两样地共同拥有5大类群，但两样地的细菌优势类群明显不同，原生土壤为Proteobacteria，含39种基因型，占总克隆子数的58.0%，退化生态系统土壤为Acidobacteria和Proteobacteria，分别含19种和15种基因型，占总克隆子数的32.5%和30.5%；与原生土壤细菌类群相比，退化生态系统土壤Proteobacteria类群明显减少，Acidobacteria类群明显增加。

As a special biological resource, water sustains the operations of all kinds of ecosystems in polder area, not only the elementary basic for human life and work, but also natural ecological structure, process and environment.

圩区内的水体作为一种特殊的生态资源，支撑和维持着区内各种生态系统的运行发展，不仅提供了人类生活和生产活动的基础资源，还具有维持自然生态系统结构、生态过程与区域生态环境的功能。

The authors analyzed the approach of resource use and the relations among members in industrial ecosystem based on the food chain types of natural ecosystem, and attempted to put forward three development models of eco-industrial parks: grazing EIPs, parasitic EIPs and saprophytic EIPs.

基于自然生态系统食物链类型，分析了产业生态系统的资源利用方式以及成员间的相互关系，尝试性地提出适合我国生态产业园区发展的3种典型模式：牧食型生态产业园区、寄生型生态产业园区和腐生型生态产业园区。

The spatial,temporal and two-dimensional niche breadths and niche overlaps of Hyalopterus amygda/i, Myzus persicae and their main natural enemies were studied in this paper. The results showed that the synchronism and sympatry of the pests and their natural enemies Harmonia axyridis, Propylaea japonica and Chrysopa septempunctata were both higher, which provided a foundation for protecting and using natural enemies to control the two pests.Key words: Hyalopterus amygdali; Myzus persicae; Natural enemies; Ecological niche

为了保护利用天敌，充分发挥天敌对害虫的自然控制作用，作者对桃粉蚜、桃蚜及其主要大敌在时间维度、空间维度和时—空二维生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行了研究，评价了4种主要大敌异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、大草岭、蜘蛛对这2种害虫在时间和空间上的跟随作用和控制效果，为桃园桃粉蚜、桃蚜两种害虫的生态控制提供理论依据。

Based upon the ecoanatomical method, leaf anatomical characters of eleven populations of six evergreen species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, C. myrsinaefolia, C. gracilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, C. eyrei and Lithocarpus glaber) from the eastern subtropical area of China were analyzed and compared with SPSS, DCA and TWINSPAN. The results are: 1. Although the leaf structures of the eleven populations still belong to the mesophyll type, they all express the trend of xerophilization. 2. There are some differences in leaf anatomical characters among populations, species and genera, which occur as the results of their adaptation to different habitats. 3. Different leaf anatomical characters have different variations among populations, species and genera, of which leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness (considered as ecological adaptation characters) have greater variation than sponge tissue thickness, lower cuticle thickness and lower epidermis thickness (as systematical evolution characters). 4. The leaves of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca with thicker lamina, palisade tissue and cuticle (a multilayered upper epidermis in C. sclerophylla) are thought to better adapt to their dry habitat. The leaves of C. eyrei with thicker sponge tissue, although characterized by a multlayered upper epidermis, adapt to their humid and warm habitat. The leaves of C. myrsinaefolia and C. gracilis characterized by a thinner lamina, a less palisade tissue and a moderate cuticle thickness adapt to the humid and cool habitat in a middle mountain.

选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种（青冈、小叶青冈、细叶青冈、苦槠、甜槠和石栎）的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖，并用SPSS， DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析，结果表明：①尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型，但有着不同程度的趋旱适应；②叶的解剖性状在属间、种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异，这是它们适应各自生境的结果，青冈和石栎的种内差异较大，反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力；③叶片的不同解剖性状在属、种类和种群间的变化并不同步，其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出，反映它们更易受环境的饰变，是生态适应性状，而海绵组织、下角质膜，特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小，显示出这些性状的稳定性，可以认为是系统演化性状；④苦槠、青冈具有较厚的叶片、栅栏组织、角质膜和发达输导和机械组织，苦槠还具有复表皮，表现出对旱化生境的适应；甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片，但这是海绵组织增厚的结果，是对中生生境的适应；小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较薄的叶片和栅栏组织、角质膜厚度居中等特点，可能是对中山凉湿生境的适应。

It's shown that Carex stenocarpa, Polygonum viviparum, Kobresia capillifolia and Festuca ovina's niche breadth are wider; Potentilla sp., Polygonum viviparum, Geranium pratense and others' niche breadth are more narrow. The former belong to extensive species, it is high in adapting to soil acid and salification, the latter belong to equilibrium species, it's adaptability is weaker than the former.

结果表明，细果苔草、珠芽寥、线叶嵩草、羊茅等建群种和优势种的生态位最宽，适应土壤酸碱和盐渍化能力强，为泛化种；委陵菜、千叶蓍、草原老鹤草等伴生种生态位窄，适应酸碱和盐渍化能力弱，为特化种。

the ground of the article synopsis introduced wetly, artificial marsh of general situation.discuss the artificial marsh constucts with modern water environment in city and emphasized to introduce hun south artificial in sun city marsh the eco-system is in water environment in city and ecosystem environment the construction of function and position, explain artificial marsh in alleviate the water resources in city the strain and the decontamination environment in the city of don't can act for of function, thus argument artificial marsh the eco-system is the conclusion that a kind of ecosystem means necessarily will develop a huge function in the modern city to the conversion progress of the ecosystem city.

文章简要地介绍了湿地、人工湿地的概况。论述了人工湿地与现代城市水环境建设，着重介绍了沈阳市浑南人工湿地生态系统在城市水环境及生态环境建设中的作用和地位，说明了人工湿地在缓解城市水资源紧张及净化城市环境中的无可替代的作用，从而论证了人工湿地生态系统作为一种生态手段必将在现代城市向生态城市的转化进程中发挥出巨大作用的结论。

The main contents include:(1) Survey on construction technologies of ecological river ;(2) Discussion on ecological restoration technologies in canalized river in china;(3) Comparative study on two kinds of filler m.

具体研究内容包括：(1)生态河道构建技术综述；(2)探讨我国渠化河道生态修复的方法；(3)抛填式生态河床两种填料的比较筛选；(4)优选材料构建的生态河床模型对污染河水处理效果的研究；(5)工程启动期与微生态系统初建期对污水处理效果的对比研究；(6)生态河床模型在冬季低温条件下对污染河水处理效果的研究。

Firstly,capitalist system and highly industrialized societyhas human survival been confronted with fearful challenge,globally ecological crisisconstituted the realistic condition of the engendering and development of"Eco-socialism";Secondly,it is a theory modality and practice format which is more than one century sinceworld socialist movement in developed countries carried through considering andexceeding;Lastly,human being has been stepping"Eco-civilization",natural science andliteral humanities has intercrossed,the synthesizing of ecology and socialist theory becamethe scientific and technological background of the engendering of"Eco-socialism","greenpolitics"and ecological movement became a necessary and realistic condition.

首先，资本主义制度和高度工业化的社会使人类自身的生存面临着严重的挑战，全球性的生态危机构成了生态社会主义产生与发展的最为现实的历史条件；其次，它是一个多世纪以来世界社会主义运动在二十世纪末期这个特定的历史时刻出现的一种理论形态和实践形式，它是发达国家社会主义运动进行自我反思和超越的理论结果；再次，人类正在步入&生态文明&，自然科学和人文科学的交叉、生态科学和社会主义思想的结合成为生态社会主义产生的科技和人文背景，&绿色政治&和生态运动又成为生态社会主义产生和发展的一个必要的现实条件。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了