生态的

Since the Ming Dynasty, that area has been transformed from marginalization to backland. The infiltration of the central power and the massive influx of immigrants began to impact on the traditional agricultural foundation. The ecological agriculture and the domestic animal farming was replaced step by step by ecological agriculture only, with large areas of land reclaimed and forest grassland resources used. This has put great pressure on the ecological environment in the northwest of Guizhou.

自明代以来，黔西北地区开始由边缘化向内地化转变，中央权力的渗透和外来移民的大量涌入，开始日益冲击着黔西北传统农业的根基，使黔西北农业兼畜牧型生态模式逐渐转化为农业为主体的生态模式，大批的荒地被开垦，森林植被和草场资源得到最大极限的利用，这给黔西北的生态环境造成了极大的压力。

To meet the needs for scientific, technological and socio-economic development in China, we proposed the four areas that the Chinese scientists should focus their study of global change and terrestrial ecosystems in future, including:(1) Metabolism and coupling mechanism of key life elements in terrestrial ecosystems in China;(2) Implications of terrestrial ecosystems in areas sensitive to global change and in important transects on global change;(3) Interactions between biogeochemical cycle of C, N, P, S in China and global change; and (4) Development of regional dynamic vegetation model which meets the actual needs of China.

中国学者在全球变化与陆地生态系统研究领域也开展了许多工作并取得了重要成绩。按照我国科学技术和社会经济发展的需求，本文提出了未来我国在该领域的研究重点，包括（1）中国陆地生态系统重要生命元素的代谢及其耦合机制研究；（2）全球变化敏感区域或重要样带上陆地生态系统对全球变化的影响研究；（3）我国的C、N、P、S生物地球化学循环与全球变化的关系研究；（4）发展中国特色的区域植被动态模型。

To meet the needs for scientific, technological and socio-economic development in China, we proposed four areas on which the Chinese scientists should focus their study of global change and terrestrial ecosystems in future, including:(1) Metabolism and coupling mechanism of key life elements in terrestrial ecosystems in China;(2) Implications of terrestrial ecosystems in areas sensitive to global change and in important transects on global change;(3) Interactions between biogeochemical cycle of C, N, P, S in China and global change; and (4) Development of regional dynamic vegetation model which meets the actual needs of China.

中国学者在全球变化与陆地生态系统研究领域也开展了许多工作并取得了重要成绩。按照我国科学技术和社会经济发展的需求，提出了未来我国在该领域的研究重点，包括①中国陆地生态系统重要生命元素的代谢及其耦合机制研究；②全球变化敏感区域或重要样带上陆地生态系统对全球变化的影响研究；③我国的C、N、P、S生物地球化学循环与全球变化的关系研究；④发展中国特色的区域植被动态模型。

The theory of "harmonious forest farm" reckons that:①State-owned forest farm is an exoteric complex-system, which is the coupling of forest ecosystem, forestry economic system, and social system in forest farm;②Harmonious forest farm is the farm constructed under the background of socialist market economy and building a moderately prosperous society;③The features of "harmonious forest farm" are the development of production, the prosperity of life and good ecological environment;This farm is a modern state-owned forest farm, the symbols of which are the high value of itself, the good benefits of wokers and the abundance of forest resources;④The key of it is the harmony of farm and society, farm and environment as well as farmitself——that is to say,"harmonious forest farm" should aim to meet the needs of the country and thesociety; forest management should put maintaining and enhancing biodiversity, forest ecosystem health and integrity to the center; inside the forest farm, there should form the mechanism of balancing interests and learning mechanism for sharing at the core of the executive feedback mechanism of forest management, advancing the workers to form a comradely mutual aid relationship.

其要点是：①国有林场是开放的复杂系统，它由森林生态系统、林业经济系统、林场社会系统耦合而成；②和谐林场是在社会主义市场经济和全面建设小康社会背景下建设的林场；③和谐林场是以生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好为特征，以国有林场价值高、林场职工福利好、森林资源丰富为标志的现代国有林场；④和谐林场的关键是要求林场与社会、林场与环境以及林场自身达到和谐，即"和谐林场"必须以满足国家与社会的需求为目的，在森林资源经营上，始终以维持与提高生物多样性、森林生态系统的健康与完整为中心，在林场内部形成以森林经营方案执行反馈机制为核心的利益均衡机制和学习共享机制，促进林场干部职工形成同志式互助关系。

Restoration Ecology was ranked as one of three hotpots in biological field as well as biological diversity and global climate change in recent years, which is one fresh branch of Modern Ecology.The causes of degraded ecosystem, techniques and methods of degradation in ecosystem restoration and reconstruction, process and mechanism of ecology whose objectives are the destroyed ecosystems under the stress of natural catastrophes and human activities were primarily researched in the paper.

恢复生态学与生物多样性和全球气候变化并列为生物领域的三大研究热点，它主要研究生态系统退化的原因、退化生态系统恢复和重建的技术与方法、生态学过程与机理的科学，是现代生态学的年轻分支之一，其研究对象是一些在自然灾变和人类活动压力下受到破坏的生态系统。

The semi-variogram values of above-ground biomass of perennial herbs and Mesophytes, following the increase of spatial distances, showed decreasing trends when semi-variogram values exceeded the effective range.

群落中生态功能群旱生植物的波动变化不仅对群落盖度、草场的生产力有直接的影响，而且对草场群落及其生态系统的稳定和生态功能的发挥具有重要作用。

This means raising the rate of utilization of solar energy setting up and managing an agriculture production system of self-maintenance, low investment and economic feasibility and promoting recycling and repeated utilization within the system, so as to obtain improvements in production the protection of the ecological environment, the reutilization of energy and the economic benefits

所谓生态农业，就是按照生态学原理合理地安排生产结构和产品布局，努力提高太阳能的固定率和利用率，建立和管理一个生态上自我维持的低输入经济上可行的农业生产系统，促进物质在系统内部的循环利用和多次重复利用，从而获得生产发展、生态环境保护、能源再生利用、经济效益四者统一的综合性效果。

In practice, it was impossible to obtain the detailed information of all species in a targeted area of BIA, so the species-level impact assessment should be addressed through the studies on the key objectives like the species which were protected and closed related to people or species of economic and cultural values, etc.

生态系统的影响程度用旅游规划实施影响后的生态系统多样性承载能力的损失量与旅游规划前的生态系统多样性承载能力的比值来衡量。5、物种影响评价首先根据生物多样性保护目标的要求，确定重点评价对象。

With the increase of population and development of economy in the coastal zone of Yantai, the exploitations on coastal zone become more intensive.

随着人口的增加以及经济的发展，对海岸带的开发不断加剧，建设生态功能完备、景观优美的海岸带防护林生态体系，具有防风固沙、减轻风暴潮与盐雾的危害、降盐改土等生态效应。

This paper analyzed the concept and the items of land consolidation and discussed the important role of ecological benefit assessment. Through the identification of effect boundary of land consolidation and based on the emergy theory, this paper proposed a method to assess the ecol...

该文阐述了土地整理内容，分析了生态效益评价在土地整理中的地位，通过对土地整理效应特征和边界的辨析，以能值理论为基础，提出了以自然环境系统的无偿能值投入变化量为表征的土地整理生态效益评价方法，构建了土地整理生态效益的评价公式。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失