生态的

In this paper, the Beijing mountain as a big ecosystems is studied, the use of RS technologies on the ecological degradation of mountain conditions of the remote monitoring of the dynamic, given explanatorily the ecological degradation monitoring indicators and calculation methods, the degradation of mountain ecosystems derived monitoring results, and in accordance with the monitoring results to identify the main reason for the degradation of mountain ecosystems.

本文把北京山区这么一个大的生态系统作为研究对象，利用RS技术对山区的生态退化状况进行了动态的遥感监测，探索性的给出生态退化相关的监测指标和计算方法，得出山区生态退化的监测结果，并根据监测结果识别山区生态退化的主要原因。

As a new subject, many aspects of ecosystem health are in the seedtime.

工业文明以来，人类以前所未有的规模和强度影响环境，改变甚至破坏自然生态系统，致使生态系统的健康受到越来越大的损害，引发了一系列的全球性环境问题，由此危及到人类自身的生存，这促使人们认识到维护与保持生态系统健康，促进生态系统良性循环的重要性，使生态系统健康成为当今学术界重点关注的研究领域之一。

Compared with the "Specifications for Marine Biological Survey of China" and "Specifications for Marine Monitoring of China", this guidelines has three significant features:①It covers not only the natural parameters (including marine biological and environmental parameters) but also anthropogenetic parameters which indicate the highly extensive exploitation status in the coastal waters;②The framework of marine ecological assessment consists of 3 keystones: i.

与《海洋调查规范海洋生物调查》和《海洋监侧规范》比较，该指南具有3个显著特点：①调查要素不仅包括海洋生物和海洋环境等自然要素，还包括人为活动要素，充分考虑我国近海生态系统的高强度开发利用的特点；②从生态系统的结构、功能和压力3个方面建立起海洋生态系统健康评价的核心框架体系；③提出生态压力的量化指标，定量评估人类活动对生态系统的压力。

Hilly gullied loess region, the main body of Loess Plateau, is also an eco-economic sensitive area with special landscape pattern. Being an ecological fragile and economically underdeveloped region, environment protection and economic development remain to be double tasks it expects to solve simultaneously.

中文题名黄土高原丘陵沟壑区小流域优化生态－生产范式副题名外文题名 Optimized eco-productive paradigm for small watersheds in hilly gullied Loess Plateau 论文作者孔正红导师张新时院士学科专业生态学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学院植物研究所学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数143页关键词农业生态系统优化生态－生产范式小流域黄土丘陵沟壑区馆藏号BSLW /2003 /Q948 /26 黄土丘陵沟壑区是黄土高原的主体部分，也是具有特殊景观格局的生态-经济敏感区。

Based on the investigation of the growth status of gardens plants with the same site conditions, the important values of populations were calculated with the software of ArcMap, the niche breadth of populations were studied using the Shannon-weinne diversity index, Levins niche breadth index and niche overlap.

通过对立地条件类型相同城市的园林绿地植物生长状况进行调查，运用ArcMap软件计算各种群的重要值；采用Shannon-weinne多样性指标、Levins生态位宽度指数和1994年黄英姿提出的生态位重叠计算公式进行种群生态位宽度的研究，将种群生态位理论运用于生态园林建设中。

The research of ecotourist behavior characteristics has extremely important theory significance and practice application value to the development and planning of ecotourism destination, the marketing and cultivation of ecotourism market, the design and management of ecotourism product and the solutions of ecotourisms negative influence to environment.

生态旅游者行为特征的研究，对于生态旅游地开发与规划、生态旅游市场的营销与培育、生态旅游产品的设计与经营、解决目前生态旅游对环境负面影响，均具有极其重要的理论意义和实践应用价值。

With spatial sequence taking the place of temporal sequence and succession time as ecological dimension, the niche volumes and overlaps of various species were quantitatively investigated in the manmade florae of Shapotou Area to study the resource-exploiting capacities, interspecific similarities and competition mechanisms of various community components of manmade florae in sand areas in community succession.

在沙坡头沙区人工植被群落区，采用空间序列代替时间序列，并以演替时间为生态位维度，通过定量分析物种的生态位体积和生态位重迭，研究沙区人工植物群落演替过程中群落各组分种对资源的利用能力、种间生态相似性及竞争机制。

With spatial sequence taking the place of temporal sequence and succession time as ecological dimension, the niche volumes and overlaps of various species were quantitatively investigated in the manmade florae of Shapotou Area to study the resource-exploiting capacities, interspecific similarities and competition mechanisms of various community components of manmade florae in sand areas in community succession.

在沙坡头沙区人工植被群落区，采用空间序列代替时间序列，并以演替时间为生态位维度，通过定量分析物种的生态位体积和生态位重叠，研究沙区人工植物群落演替过程中群落各组分种对资源的利用能力、种间生态相似性及竞争机制。

LsEQ is the ability of landscape eco-system to maintain self-stability of structure and function.So,assessment standard of LsEQ is defined to be the stability of landscape eco-system which lies on the contrast of interior stabilization degree and exterior ecological disturbance degree of landscape eco-system.

景观生态质量是景观生态系统维持自身结构与功能稳定性的能力，因此，景观生态质量的衡量标准是景观生态系统的稳定性，其稳定性取决于景观生态系统的自身稳定程度与外部生态学干扰程度的对比。

Eco-park building Fuyang Anhui ecology are strategic in the northwest city of Fuyang City, Anhui specific practice, are of ecological theory and ecological civilization construction of the latest achievements in innovation.

阜阳生态园建设是生态安徽战略部署在皖西北重镇阜阳市的具体实践，是生态理论建设和生态文明建设创新的最新成果。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！