生态的

The results show that the cultivated land area in Wanzhou will slightly decreased while the construction land will slightly increased,forest land will increased dramatically,and it is difficult to improve the ecosystem service value by single increasing the wetland area.Grassland ecological restoration and increasing orchard area will improve the ecosystem service value by comprehensive treatment of geological hazards and soil loss.The ecosystem service theory value in Wanzhou is 11.89 billion yuan each year,the correction value is 10.64 billion yuan each year,and the present value is 9.65 billion yuan each year.This shows the ecological restoration has good economical efficiency.The optimization of land use structures based on ecosystem service value could satisfy the development of social economy with land demand,and realized the benefit of ecology and economy inphase,the study supported a new way to solve the key technical problem in land use programming in China.

计算结果表明：（1）规划期内万州区耕地面积略有减少，建设用地面积有所增加，林地面积有较大幅度增加，大规模增加湿地面积提高土地生态功能价值则难以实现；（2）地质灾害与水土流失综合治理、草地生态系统修复以及适当增加园地面积，能够提高万州区土地生态功能价值；（3）万州区土地生态经济理论价值为11888亿元/a，修正价值为10644亿元/a，均高于现状值9653亿元/a，土地生态修复与建设的生态经济效益可观；（4）基于生态系统服务价值的土地利用结构优化，能够满足社会经济发展对土地的需求并同步实现生态经济效益的最优，为解决土地利用规划中的关键技术问题提供新的方法。

Tthe main causes of ecological degradation include irrational utilization and traditional economic modes which embodied population rapid growth, destroying forest and opening up wasteland, tillage in steep slope, excess graze, mangling trees, single tree variety, irrational utilizing land and low level industrial structure except for natural reasons such as water, soil and slope.

本论文依托于赤水市生态修复项目，从水土保持生态修复的概念出发，论述生态修复的理论基础，分析赤水市生态退化的机理，根据赤水市生态修复区的生态环境现状和生态修复试点县的经验，提出赤水市水土保持生态修复措施和修复模式。

Based on the influence of regional ecosystem by the construction development above-mentioned, the thesis proposed the strategies of regional ecological construction and protection. The following were gotten:?Strengthen virescence and ecological restoration.? Strengthen the construction of eco-corridors.?Protect the riverine wetland, repair and rebuilds the ecological sensitive patches.?Strictly protect the riverhead dependency.?Adjust the Jiuligeng Eco-agriculture Strip planned in Nanjing Development Collectivity Planning to an eco-corridor relying mainly on forestry, nursery stock industry and flowers industry.

针对开发区建设对区域生态系统的影响，提出该区域生态建设与保护对策，包括：加强绿化和生态修复重建；加强生态廊道建设；沿江湿地保护及生态敏感区修复重建；严格保护水源地；并建议将南京市城市总体规划中的"九里埂生态农业带"调整为"以林业、苗木业及花卉业为主的生态廊道"。

It showed that the niche breadth and niche overlapping indexes of the enclosed grassland in 2007 are much lower than in 2006 as a whole; The niche breadth of Artemisia ordosica is bigger than other species in the region in 2002. In 2003, the dominant species were Artemisia ordosica and Salsola ruthenica. Their niche breadth indexes were 0.544 and 0.460 respectively. The results of niche overlapping in 2006 and 2007 also showed that the species with big niche breadth didn't always have big niche overlapping, and the niche breadth and niche overlapping did not have a positive direct linear relation.

结果表明：2007年封育区植物种的生态位宽度及种间的生态位重叠指数总体上较2006年有所降低；2006年黑沙蒿生态位宽度最大，达0.768，是06年封育区的优势种；2007年封育区的优势种为刺沙蓬和黑沙蒿，其生态位宽度值分别为0.544、0.460；2006年和2007的生态位重叠结果均表明，生态位宽度大的物种不一定和其他物种有大的重叠指数，较高的生态位宽度和较高的生态位重叠之间并不存在直接的线性关系；2006年、2007年较高的Pianka生态位重叠指数都出现在生态位宽度较小的物种之间。

On the basis of ecological security Chapter Three contributes a development model in coastal wetland ecotourism and a set of coastal wetland ecotourist products. It also put forwards safeguards for tourism development by environmental impact evaluation Chapter Four probes into the coastal wetland ecotourism about its structure of management system, management index system and standard, management means and methods.

第三章基于第二章对江苏海滨湿地生态旅游发展潜力与资源评价，以生态安全为指导，提出海滨湿地生态旅游可持续开发模式与海滨湿地生态旅游产品系列，并对开发所可能产生的环境影响进行评价，提出海滨湿地生态旅游环境保护措施。

By a survey on the ecotourist"s attributes , motivations, environmental attitudes and behavior tendency , this chapter distinguishes two kind of different ecotourists—soft ecotourists and relatively hard ecotourists, summarizes their characteristics and obtains the enlightenment of the Nature Reserve ecotourism. The fifth chapter, according to the real investigation result, puts forward the proper management suggestions on the basis of ecotourist behavior characteristics, that is, to follow the principle of basing "the material to management and implement the classified management.

本章通过对生态旅游者的属性、生态旅游动机、生态意识及行为倾向的调查，得出存在两种不同类型生态旅游者——一般的和比较严格的生态旅游者，总结其特征并得出对保护区生态旅游的启示；最后第五章根据调查结论，给出基于生态旅游者行为特征的管理建议，提出遵循因&材&施管的原则，应对生态旅游者实行分类管理。

The degree of ecological risk is normally determined by risk source analysis,risk receptor selection,exposure and hazard analysis of the risk receptor,and an integrated risk assessment.The Shunyi District of Beijing with its five ecosystems was used as an example.

该文以北京市顺义区为例，从分析区域生态系统类型入手，计算不同生态系统类型的生态指数、脆弱度和生态损失度，根据不同种类和级别生态风险源的综合风险权重，运用ArcGIS软件进行叠加分析，形成了3146个生态风险小区。

Thus, complex urban ecosystem carrying capacity model is proposed here in light of biology immunity theory and under a series of assumptions. These assumptions include urban ecosystem storage is the material input and its main function is to offer eco-service, this amount of capacity is jointly determined by natural carrying capacity and acquired carrying capacity of urban, and human being is the receptor of the eco-service.

利用生物免疫学理论构建城市生态系统复合承载力理论模型，认为城市生态系统复合承载力的物质基础是由城市生态库构成、其主要功能是提供城市生态系统服务、其大小由城市生态系统天然承载力与获得性承载力共同决定，而其服务对象则是人。

Quadrats were divided into eight types of communities by TWINSPAN, which can be treated as one-dimension resource states. The niche breadths and overlaps of main dominant species were measured using a series of indices proposed by Levins, Shannon-wiener and Petraitis.

运用TWINSPAN把样方分为8个群落类型，用Levins、Shannon-wiener生态位宽度公式和Petraitis生态位特定重叠指数公式测定群落中主要种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠，并分析各种群生态位的生态学意义。

For self-compensation, it is required to transfer the eco-environment advantages to development advantages in Miyun County, and promote the development of eco-friendly industries such as eco-agriculture, eco-industry and eco-tourism to increase the internal developing ability.

自力补偿方面，应将密云县的生态环境优势转化为发展优势，积极发展生态农业、生态工业、生态旅游等生态友好型产业，提高内生发展能力。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！