生态层

On the whole, however, the departmental names are probably less frequently used in everyday speech than the provincial names dating from before the French Revolu-tion (Orleanais, Bretagne, Touraine, etc.) or than the noms de pays (Beauce, Woevre, Argonne, etc.) The provincial and regional names, though officially ob-solete and without governmental recognition, are living territorial designations of the different parts of France; and, despite more than 130 years of organization by departements, the latter are still generally regarded as artificial, To change our comparison from ecology to paleography, we might liken the territorial nomencla-ture of France to a palimpsest, in which the older names stand out distinctly beneath the superimposed layers of later administrative nomenclatures.

整体而言，但是，部门的名字可能不经常使用的约会比从省地名日常讲话前的法国革命化，重刑（奥尔良省，布列塔尼，海纳等）或大于名词的餐酒（柏斯，Woevre，阿贡等），省和地区的名字，但正式肥胖，solete，没有政府的承认，是生活在法国的不同部分领土的名称，而且，尽管130余年的组织由各省，后者仍普遍认为如人工，要改变我们的生态环境相比，古文书学，我们可以将它比喻成领土nomencla的法国ture的重写本，其中突出的老名字后来下的行政术语的叠加层明显。

The geographical compositions of herbaceous plants of shrub-grass plot's soil seed bank indicate that genera of cosmopolitan have a heavy percentage, and indicate furthermore that the growth of herbaceous layer is affected significantly by human being's activities, and many calcifuge plants and indifferent plants in herbaceous layer reflect in certain extent that floristic element and ecological types are intricate.

各样地灌草坡种子库草本植物的地理成分表明世界分布属占较大比重，表明草本层的发育受人为活动的影响较为明显；且草本层中的厌钙植物和随遇植物也较多，从一个侧面反映了在人为活动的干扰影响下区系成分和生态类型的混杂。

The carrying threshold is carrying capacity, carrying capacity of oasis system is the ability of self-management and self-control, the containable ability of resource and environment of oasis system, the ability of economic activities, and social development ability satisfying standard of living of certain population amount.

干旱区绿洲系统承载力是指干旱区绿洲系统的自我维持与自我调节能力，资源与环境的供容能力以及经济活动能力和满足一定生活水平人口数量的社会发展能力的有机综合体，它由处于支持层的生态承载力和处于表现层的生产承载力和生活承载力三部分组成，简称为绿洲系统的"三生"承载力。

The main environment geological question is: The earth"s crust where the faultage and earthquake are active is unstable; collapse , landslide, mud-rock flow and soil erosion ; The underground karst subsides, seepage question; Basic rock expand, expend and compress soil body, the salt deposit corrode out of shape and groundwater"s corrodent harm; The soft soil question of basin; The soft rock body, cracked rock and the weathering rock are relatively poor stability; High and cold regional highways and railways" frozen soils freeze and melt calamity problem; The around rock of tunnel are unstable because of the coal seam gas, spring water, underground developed area; Project cutting slopes, constructed abandon soil and reservoir, lake"s ecology geological environmental protection issue; Thedangerous shoal of the channel % submerged reef question; The problem of rebuilding channel project and dock etc.; And the problem of unstable ground and groundwater corrosivity during building airport; At the same time, with the international big pathways" implementation and completions of constructions, adjusting the cities and counties" constructions , the crowd occupy changing , the cultivated land distribute changing and the adjustments of structure, will cause local environmental geological issues outstanding; According to multiple statistical analysis , value calculate and integrated appraise result, in the northwest and southwest of Yunnan, the traffic relatively low density, traffic engineering is relatively weak impact on environment, It is the area where a environme

主要的环境地质问题是：活动性断裂、地震带的地壳不稳定；崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及水土流失；地下岩溶塌陷、渗漏问题；基础岩体膨胀、胀缩土体、含盐层侵蚀变形和地下水的腐蚀危害；盆地软土问题；软弱岩体、碎裂、风化岩体稳定性较差；高寒地带公路、铁路建设的冻土冻融灾害问题；煤层瓦斯、涌水、地下采空区等隧道围岩不稳定问题；工程切坡、施工弃土及水库、湖泊生态地质环境保护问题；航道险滩、暗礁问题；渠化工程、码头等库岸再造问题；以及机场建设中的不稳定地基及地下水腐蚀性问题；同时，随着大通道建设的实施和完成，城镇建设的调整、人群居落的变化和耕地分布及结构的调整组合，都可能造成局部环境地质问题的突出等等。经多元统计分析数值计算、综合评价结果，滇西北、滇西南地区交通密度较低，交通工程对环境的影响程度较弱，是环境地质状况好的区域；有主要高原湖泊分布区的，包括昆明、个旧、文山的滇东南区域，环境地质状况较好；大姚、楚雄、篙明及会泽、昭通一镇雄的区域，即滇中北部中生界红层和滇东北岩溶区，环境地质状况中等；而包括保山、德宏、大理、临沧的滇西地区及景东一墨江以东、双柏一石屏一河口以西及东川一寻甸一曲靖地段的滇中一滇东地区，环境地质状况较差。云南国际大通道建设涉及全省区域，如何利用地质环境、实现可持续发展，就必须依赖于国际大通道建设与地质环境之间良性关系的建立。应本着对区域地质环境客观存在的科学认识原则、建设过程中环境效益优先的可持续发展原则、法制性原则、对大通道建设中环境地质的因地制宜及其可防治性原则。并且从组织管理、不同类型大通道、不同环境地质问题类型等方面，提出了对策措施。最后，提出了建立国际大通道建设与环境地质良性关系的宏观建议。

This study provided a new research way and predictive framework for interpreting the complex climate and vegetation of Taiwan, and raised some remedial suggestions. The climatic grid layers, plot-data transforming program, physiognomic classification scheme of vegetation, ecoclimatic indices, moisture-thermal distribution of plants, and PNV map resulted from this study could facilitate further the managements and researches of the natural resources.

本研究为了解台湾气候及植群类型之空间分布提供一种新的研究途径与预测架构，同时检讨研究限制并提出改善建议，研究过程所得之气象资料检定程序、气候网格图层、样区资料整合程序、植群形相分类方案、生态气候指标、树种水热境制、PNV图层等成果也有助於自然资源之经营管理与科学研究。

Canopy transpiration and latent heat transfer progress have been specially treated in themacro-thermal-environment simulation program,by which,the effects of outside solar radiation andair temperature,greenhouse insulation,and backwall and floor on the macro-thermal-environmentcan be simulated.

根据上述模型就室外太阳辐射、室外气温、温室的保温、温室后墙和地面的蓄放热等对生态温室主体热环境的影响进行了模拟，证明温室透光盖层在白天损失了大量热量，建议改进盖层的透光保温综合性能；一面坡温室后墙和地面对室内的放热贡献相近，但后墙向外界的热损失是其向室内放热的2倍左右，其具体大小还与后墙的尺寸等因素有关。

For biogenic VOC modeling, emission factors, vegetation biomass and leaf area index were determined for 37 vegetation types. The widely accepted algorithm of Guenther et al.(1993), describing the relationship between light, temperature and the VOC emissions, was adopted. A new canopy model was established to simulate photosynthetically active radiation and leaf temperature within the canopy.

对于VOC生态源模式，确定了37种植被的VOC排放因子、生物量和叶面积指数；采用了相对成熟的关于VOC排放强度和光合有效辐射、叶面温度的依赖关系；建立了一个新的植被冠层模式以模拟冠层内PAR和叶面温度的变化。

A mass of experiments validated that exploitation and rational utilization of saline shallow groundwater, declining the water level to an optimal depth to reducing water invalid evaporation can increase amount of water resources and storage capacity of aquifer, prevent waterlogging or drought, improve groundwater salinity and control the process of soil salination, improve the eco-environment, alleviate the threat for the resource of fresh water.

大量的实验证明，合理开发利用浅层咸水，使咸水水位降低到合理水平，可以：避免地下水的无效蒸发，增加水资源量；增强调蓄能力和抗早防涝能力；促进浅层咸水淡化，改造盐碱地，改善生态环境；减轻对淡水资源的威胁。

We analyzed and discussed the characteristics of cycle of carbon and water,and after having obtained important physiological parameters based on field experiment,a process-based, multilayer two-leaf model which calculates energy and material cycle separately for sunlit and shaded leaves was developed,then characteristic of CO_2 fluxes above the canopy was simulated.The main results are as follows:1.Characteristics of carbon and water cycle in the relationship of leaf photosynthesis -stomatal conductance-transpiration.

本研究以冬小麦为研究对象，利用LI-6400R光合—蒸腾测量系统、LI-6400-09土壤呼吸室和禹城生态试验站涡度相关系统等高精度仪器设备，对2007年和2008年小麦拔节至乳熟期间涉及碳、水循环过程的叶片光合—蒸腾作用、土壤呼吸作用及相关农田气象要素和植被特征进行了野外试验测定和分析，在试验观测基础上提取了重要生理参数，建立了基于过程的农田与大气间物质输送和能量交换的多层—双叶模型，并对2008年试验期间冠层上方碳通量特征进行了模拟，试验分析和模拟的主要结论如下：1。

Study on the ecological effect of rice rhizosphere microbes under three water regimes and two nitrogen application levels was conducted in 2005 in pot experiment.

研究了3种水分模式（干旱交替型，浅水层连续灌溉型和控水模式）及分次施氮条件下，施氮对水稻根际土壤微生物生态效应的影响，结果表明：水稻根际土壤微生物生态效应，不仅仅受到水分条件和施氮的影响，还受到水分条件和施氮的交叉影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。