生态层

Based on the theory of Sequence Stratigraphy and the systematically analysis of strata which was closely focused on Lithostratigraphy, Biostratigraphy, Paleoecology Event Stratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy, four long-term base-level cycles can be recognized in the Mesozoic, each long-term base-level cycles can be further divided into intermediate-term to short-term base-level cycle. Eight intermediate-term base-level cycles are recognized in Mesozoic; Cenozoic can be divided into two structural base-level cycles, and can be further divided into seven long-term baselevel cycles.

应用层序地层学理论，在详细的岩石地层、生物地层、生态地层、事件地层和层序地层为核心的综合地层研究基础上，将中生界划分为四个长期基准面旋回，每个长期基准面旋回内部又可进一步识别出更次一级的旋回，侏罗系内部共可识别出8个次级旋回；根据钻井层序地层与地震地层划分结果，将北缘地区新生界划分为两个构造基准面旋回，其内部又可进一步划分为7个长期基准面旋回。

The first step is to get an evaluation index information map series; the second step is to do quantitative analysis and evaluation to every evaluation index by using the GIS software; the third step is to comprehensively evaluate the regional ecological function; the fourth step is to regionalize the ecological function.

其步骤为：第一步获取评价指标信息图层，第二步利用GIS软件对各个评价指标进行定量分析评价，第三步区域生态功能综合评价，第四步生态功能分区。

For the slope protection,domestic and foreign have various methods,such as:clean surface, and shotcrete stone surface and the use of concrete,asphalt,riprap,etc.,but these have a fatal weakness,the use of clean face,and shotcrete stone surface and the use of concrete,asphalt,riprap protection methods such as the slope,often due to excessive destruction of the human impact of the original natural and ecological environment.so that the entire road is almost formed a gray line,and While these protective measures outside the slope formed a protective layer of solid layer,but if there is a protective layer of water into the lower water flow and form,these protective measures will also be destroyed.

对于边坡的防护，国内、国外均有多种方法，比如：抹面、喷浆、石砌护面以及利用混凝土、沥青、抛石等等，但这些都有着致命的弱点，利用抹面、喷浆、石砌护面以及利用混凝土、沥青、抛石等方法进行防护的边坡，往往由于过多的人为影响破坏了原来的自然生态环境，使整条公路几乎形成一条灰色的路线，同时，这些防护措施虽然在边坡外面形成了一层坚固的防护层，但只要有水渗入防护层下部并形成水流时，这些防护措施也将被冲毁。

This study chose two typical eco-civilized villages (Meiwan Village and Qiaonan Village in Danzhou City) as examples, and conducted questionnaire survey aiming at the residents' environmental awareness and village environment. The result indicated that the level of residents' environmental awareness of the two villages was medium, and remains mid-green level, and the pragmaticality of environment education was poor.

选取海南两个典型生态文明村（儋州市美万新村、侨南村），针对生态文明村居民环境意识和环境现状进行问卷调查，结果表明：两生态文明村居民环境意识水平为中等，主要停留在中绿层，环境教育的实效性差。

Desert eco-system ; oasis eco-system ; annual synusia ecological adaptive mode

荒漠生态系统；绿洲生态系统；一年生植物层片；生态适应模式

In the face of the very grave environmental question and ecocides day by day, the mankind begins to realize that there should be involvement with regular law in the fields of people and natural relation, however, people"s ecological environmental awareness and concrete law are adjusted and only stayed on very undeveloped aspect, this kind of state reflects and protects in the criminal law of the ecological environment too, the legislative thoughts of most countries have inherited the value idea of the traditional criminal law, the traditional criminal law is regarded as the last kind of means to adjust social relationships, the target that adjust is interpersonal social relationships, the object protected by criminal law is that the people"s life , health and property are safe, it is a kind of idea of value taking human interests as the center that reflects.

面对日益深重的环境问题和生态危机，人类开始意识到在人与自然关系的领域中要有法律规则的介入，然而，人们的生态环境意识及具体的法律调整还停留在很不发达的层面上，这种状况反映在生态环境的刑法保护上更为明显，多数国家的立法思想继承了传统刑法的价值理念，传统刑法作为调整社会关系的最后一种手段，其调整的对象是人与人之间的社会关系，受刑法保护的客体是人的生命、健康和财产安全，体现的是一种以人类利益为中心的价值理念。

In the metropolitan area of Xi'an ,this paper choose the Ganting town of Hu Xian as typical town, the thesis analysed correlative influence between the town and the river, and gave advice from tow lays-town plan and construction of riverside.

本文选择了&西安大都市圈&中的户县甘亭镇为典型城镇，在分析其与河流之间相关影响的前提下，从城镇规划和滨河地区建设两个层面上，提出了该城镇结合河流的生态化规划建议以及滨河地区的生态建设建议。

Using the classic plot survey method （survey area is 7 200 m^2）, niche breath and niche overlap values of ten dominant species were calculated, with layer as one-dimension resource state and abundance as index, in the Pinus kwangtungensis community in Nanling National Nature Reserve of Guangdong.

在广东南岭国家级自然保护区广东松Pinus kwangtungensis群落内，通过典型样地调查（调查面积共7200m^2），以不同林层作为一维资源位，以个体多度作为计测指标，计测了广东松群落中10个优势种群的生态位宽度和生态位重叠值。

The main fi ndings were i copper was strongly bound to organic layer and seemed to be the main pollutant in the ecosystem while zinc was the most mobile element and did not accumulate to any specifi c part of the ecosystem, ii the forest mosses and epiphytic lichens were the most sensitive plant species and the seedlings of the vascular plants that had survived near the smelter were absent, iii there was a highly resistant soil decomposer community near the smelter although the activity of the soil animals and microbiota was low and their community structure altered, iv many insect species also suffered from pollution although the adverse effects caused by forest pests increased with pollutant load, v the low survival rate and breeding success of hole-nesting passerines near the smelter was caused by habitat changes and the quality of food, vi the adverse effects seem to be to some extent reversible after decreased pollutant load or remediation actions.

主要fi ndings是i铜强烈一定到有机层数、并且似乎是主要污染物在生态系、当锌是最流动的元素，并且没有积累对生态系时的任何specifi c零件， ii森林青苔和附生植物地衣是含羞草种类，并且在精炼工附近生存了是缺席维管束植物的幼木， iii有一个高度抗性土壤decomposer社区在精炼工附近、虽然土壤动物和microbiota的活动是低的、并且他们的修改过的社区结构、iv许多昆虫种类也遭受污染、虽然森林造成的不利影响虫增加了与污染物装载、v孔嵌套雀形目鸟的低生存率和繁殖的成功在精炼工附近是由栖所变动造成的，并且食物的质量， vi不利影响似乎在某种程度上是双面布料在减少的污染物装载或治疗行动以后。

Comparing guild composition reveals a food resource view of the difference between each landscape: grassland landscape supports proportionally more shrub insectivores than other landscapes; conifer plantation landscape supports more ground feeders and also shrub insectivores; natural forest landscapes support bole insectivores that almost never inhabit conifer plantation nor grassland.

以生态同功群探讨不同地景所能提供的食物资源差异，发现草生地地景能承载较多的灌层虫食者、人造针叶林地景拥有较多的地面觅食者与灌层虫食者、天然林地景拥有的树干虫食者则几乎不出现在其他地景内；然而数量最多的树层觅食者在各地景间差异不明显。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。