生态域

Adopting macro(survey data and statistical data)and micro data combined methods,thedissertation,studies the relationship between nitrogen application amount and yield,nitrogenefficiency and environment loss from province,region,city,county,and township different level,assesses rationality of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium fertilizer application amount of paddyfield ecosystem in Tai lake area,discusses ecological and economic nitrogen application amountcombining with field experiment results,puts forward the suggestions of nitrogen sustainablemanagement in Tai lake area.

文章采用宏观和微观相结合的研究方法，从省域、流域、县域、乡域等不同尺度来研究江苏太湖地区氮肥施用与产量、氮肥利用率及氮肥环境损失的关系，对太湖地区稻田生态系统的NPK肥水平的合理性进行了评价，并结合田间试验的分析结果，探讨了生态经济施氮量，提出了太湖地区氮素可持续管理的建议。

The effect of the natural enemies were assessed according to the analysis, which revealed that the parasitoids played more significant role than the predators, and that Citrostichus phyllocnistoides which had the closest synchrony and sympatry with citrus leafminer P.citrella, should be considered as dominant natural enemy, and be protected and utilized to control the citrus leafminer. Wide niche and distribution as Orius sauteri has, its narrow overlap showed the less close sympatry and synchrony as well as impossibility to control the prey.

寄生性天敌群子强于捕食性天敌群子，表明在自然环境中寄生性天敌群子对桔潜蛾的控制作用强；捕食性天敌小花蝽Orius sauteri虽然食谱生态位宽，但生态位重叠却小，说明这种天敌尽管分布广泛，可在时间和空间上没能有效"跟随"害虫的发生，对害虫控制作用不大；寄生性天敌短腹桔啮小蜂Citrostichus phyllocnistoides与桔潜蛾在时间上的同步性和空间上的同域性均优于其它天敌，为优势天敌，应加以保护和利用。

The sixth part: Studies on the dynamic changes of soil retention function value of ecosystem in YUYANG District. Utilized ERDAS8. 5 to interpret the remote sensing image and get LUCC data and vegetation information of YUYANG District. Utilized R2V5. 5 to digitize administrative map, topographic map, vegetation picture, soil distribution map and meteorological website map. Utilized ARCINFOR8. 3 to change every digitization layer to the same projection, to generate Tyson polygon, to structure DEM and do vector polygon overlay. Utilized ARC VIE W3. 3 to obtain the grid data topographic slope and slope length from DEM data of YUYANG District, and then, turned every coverage layer into grid layer and do grid polygon overlay to gain data about dynamic changes of value of soil retention of ecosystem in YUYANG District, at last, the author analyzed the features of the spatial-temporal changes and its reason.The seventh part: Studies on the dynamic changes of fixing drifting sand against wind function value of ecosystem in YUYANG District.

第六部分：榆阳区生态系统土壤保持功能价值动态变化研究；利用ERDAS8.5对遥感数据进行解译获得榆阳区土地利用数据和植被信息，利用R2V5.5数字化榆阳区政区图、地形图、植被图、土壤分布图及气象站点分布图，利用ARCINFOR8.3对各数字化图层进行投影转换、泰森多边形生成、DEM构建和叠加分析，利用ARCVIEW3.3从DEM数据中获取榆阳区的坡度、坡长面域数据，并将上述各图层格网化，然后通过栅格图层叠加分析和代数运算获取榆阳区生态系统土壤保持功能物质量和价值量时空动态变化数据，最后分析了其变化的时空特点及形成原因。

If this teaching is being impelled it has the function of giving the teachers a safe, convenient, economical outdoor teaching area and increases the mentors teaching materials. To the students it has the benefits of developing the attitude of cherishing and respecting life and to understand the characteristic of animals and plants. The anxiety however comes from the lack of educational teaching materials (55%), natural resources' lack of professional maintenance (53%), lack of funds (45%) and lack of relative knowledge (44%). The conclusion are that the government can conduct studies relative to the knowledge of Ecological engineering method or publish periodicals in order to increase the teachers' (50%) chance of getting in touch with knowledge of this field and let the supplier, middle man, acceptant of the education system to bring into full play of their abilities by providing them with more supports.

此一教学如加以推动，对教师而言是具有「可提供一个方便、安全、经济的户外教学场域」和「可增加教师的教学资源」等较重要的功能；对学生而言，则具有「可养成爱惜与尊重生命的态度」和「可让学生从实物中了解动、植物生态特性」等效益；但较担心的是教学教材资源（55％）、自然资源缺乏专业维护（53％）、经费（45％）及相关知识（44％）等的不足；因此，政府机关除了可以多办理有关生态工法知识的研习或发行刊物，以增加教师（50％）对这方面知识的接触机会外，在其他各方面亦应该提供更多的协助，让教育系统供给者、中介者及接受者都能发挥最大的功效。

This paper attempts to compare the images of China in Hong Kong literature and Macau literature from the aspects on politics, economics and ecololgy, in order to confirm the interdependent logical relationship among literary field and other social fields, and to exposit the discourse differences and potential factors of imaging China between the fields of Hong Kong and Macau literature.

本文试从政治、经济和生态三个层面来对港澳文学中的&中国形象&予以对读，借以印证文学生产场域与其他社会场域之间相互制约的逻辑关系，并以此揭示港澳不同文学场域&中国&想象的话语差异及潜在因素。

Concludedly, it is pointed out that geotectonic is deeply influencing the erosion rule and is the decisive factor of desertification and lack of water in Huanghe River Valley in Shaanxi Province.(5) Based on the Theory of Dissipative Structure and the Hypothesis of Wavy Mosaic Structure, the coupling relation between eco-environment and geotectonics is theoretically discussed, and the main points are: i Degree of the order of eco-environment is higher in tectonic wave-dense belt than in tectonic wave-scatted belt.

系统研究了陕西生态环境特征和问题分析了陕西生态环境特征及陕西水土流失、沙质荒漠化、资源性缺水、主要生态系统生态功能降低等生态环境问题，运用替代市场价值法等方法估算了陕西环境问题所造成的经济损失，并估算了现阶段各种生态环境造成的经济损失，经分析认为陕西的生态环境使省域生态环境受到严重威胁，也影响着华北平原等周边地区的生态安全。

For the first time I analyzed the co-existence mechanism of the two sympatric species shared the same food resource in a comparative study on the resource use and spatial niches.

首次从资源生态位和空间生态位等方面对同域分布、食性相似的两种熊猫的共存机制进行了较为全面的探讨。

So in this work, we focused no the following aspects: 1 The ecological effect of ephemeral resource on the rodent community; 2 The ecological isolation and coexistence mechanism for the sympatric species; 3 The effect of ecological process in a regional scale on the specie richness to investigate the community Patterns and limitation Mechanism of the desert rodents in this region, the main results and conclusions were as follows

为此，本工作立足于以下方面：（1）限制性资源对荒漠啮齿类动物群落的生态效应；（2）同域物种的生态分离与共存机制；（3）局域尺度的群落过程对区域物种丰富度的影响；对该地区的荒漠啮齿动物群落格局及其相关的制约机制进行了研究。主要研究结果和结论如下

To change bureaucratized field towards science field and create a university ecological environment conforming to internal logic of academic profession development is the fundamental method to promote the healthy development of young teachers and to establish effective faculty development policy

而促使大学由科层场域走向科学场域，营造一个符合学术职业发展内部逻辑的大学生态环境，不仅是促进青年教师健康成长的根本出路，也是大学教师发展政策的基本走向。

The fifth part sublimes the theories to the contemporary society. For example, using them to widen the critical view of the capitalism and set up the harmonious socialism ecosystem views; Replacing "the Economic Person" with "the Ecosystem Person", and which can help to set up a new ecological theories; Using laws to standardize the application of science and technology, to develop what is useful and discard what is not; Using the scientific developing view, which is the new modern fruit of Marx's theories about the relation between human and nature , to promote the development of the economy and achieve fully harmony of the human and the nature.

第五部分与时俱进，概括了马克思&人与自然&理论在当代的升华，如用马克思&人与自然&理论去拓宽资本主义制度的批判视域，构建和谐的社会主义生态观；用&生态人&取代&经济人&的人性假设，构建新的生态经济学理论；用法制去规范科技的运用，以扬其善去其恶；用马克思&人与自然&理论现代化的新成果——科学发展观去指导经济的发展，以达到人与自然的充分和谐。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。