生态

Based on the research on the evolution mechanism of information ecological communities,and by the use of the system development view and the related theories of complex systems,this paper redivides the evolution process into formative process,linear evolution process,non-linear evolution process and dissolution process according to the essential characteristics of information ecological communities.

李北伟；靖继鹏；王俊敏；刘智喜本文在信息生态群落演化机理的研究基础上，运用系统发展观和复杂系统的相关理论，根据信息生态群落演化过程的本质特点，对演化过程进行了重新划分：信息生态群落的结体创生过程、线性常规演化过程、非线性超常规演化过程和分化解体过程。

The quadrats of the shrub layer and herbage layer were both coordinated into four ecological types in the space of the DCA ordination. The foremost environmental factors in the DCA ordination of shrub layer is illumination and moisture, while for the herbage layer it is moisture.

DCA排序将不同林分下的灌木层和草本层都分为了4个生态类型，其中，灌木层生态类型的区分环境因子是光照和水分，而草本层生态类型的区分环境因子则是水分。

Construction of returing the gain polts to grass project area of Sangequanzi Shawan County completely change that we do not understand great role of grass land in dry land ecological system and an important position in national economy development for a long time,also influence on social thought of stressing agriculture to the neglect of animal husbandry,stressing animal husbandry to the neglect grass and neglect grass and low-priced grass,and throughly changes grassland construction and many other measures being not practicable,especially the step of grass land construction do not meet the needs of ecological development present situation.

文摘：沙湾县三个泉子退耕还草项目区的建设，彻底改变了长期以来由于草地在陆地生态系统中的巨大作用和在国民经济发展中的重要地位未被充分认识，加之受传统的重农轻牧，重牧轻草，轻草贱草等社会思想的影响，彻底改变了草地建设等许多措施没有落到实处，尤其是草地生态建设的步伐远远不能适应生态环境发展要求的现状。

The findings of our analyses confirm the possibility of combining the theories of landscaping security patterns and landscape planning practices. It appears that there are only a few parkways serving as ecological corridors to connect the urban parks in Tainan City, of which the connectivity and circuitry are significantly low. The study suggests several ecological corridor planning alternatives and strategies that will significantly improve the connectivity and circuitry of existing situation.

由实证分析结果显示，本研究所建构之规划方法论具实际操作之可行性；就生态廊道规划而言，本研究发现台南市目前仅以少数公园道作为串连都市公园之生态廊道，其连接度与环通度明显偏低，因此本研究针对研究地区特性，提出本土化生态廊道规划之建议后，发现其连接度与环通度皆明显提升。

The research results showed: spruce-fir mixed uneven-aged ecosystem managed in intensive method, its productive power and dominance were developed, the economic needs were met, environment and social effect were assured, so sustainable management of stands-level forest ecosystem were realized.

结果表明，经过集约经营的云冷杉针阔混交林，其生态系统生产力和优势得以最充分的发挥，既满足经济产出的要求，又保证了生态环境和社会效益，从而实现了林分级别上森林生态系统的可持续经营。

Based on stands-level forest ecosystem, referring intensive management method of natural mixed uneven-aged stands—control method, the mixed stands of coniferous and broad-leaved trees, in which spruce and fir are dominant species, were studied in this thesis;and explored sustainable management model on forest ecosystem level about economy, ecological environment and society.

本文以林分级别森林生态系统为基础，借鉴了天然异龄林集约经营方法—检查法，对长白山过伐林区以云冷杉为主的针阔混交林的森林可持续经营进行了研究，并从经济、生态环境和社会3个方面探索了森林生态系统尺度上的可持续经营模式。

In the paper,the definition, theory foundation ,type,mechanism,and evaluation method of ecological compensation are expounded.

本文对生态补偿的定义、理论基础、类型、机制、评价方法进行了阐述，介绍了我国生态补偿的发展状况，并提出了完善生态补偿机制的建议。

In Tar Baby, she thinks about the possibility of relations between Afro-American culture and its external environment. However, she doesn't present how to specifically establish Afro-American national cultural ecology and how to expand the development space of their own culture under the background of multi-culture.

从文化生态的视角来看，美国黑人要在多元性文化背景下构筑和谐的文化生态，笔者认为：他们只有走出狭隘的民族圈子，从大的美利坚民族文化构筑的角度出发，联合其他民族共同构成一个统一和谐的美利坚民族文化生态体系。

The modern meaning of the ecological consumption is one kind of slap-up and rational consumption it is based upon the harmony of people nature and society.

现代意义上生态消费应是建立在人、自然和社会和谐统一基础上的高层次理性消费，其消费水平以自然生态正常演化为限度，消费方式和内容符合生态系统的要求。

Based on the field investigation in Aug 2001 and Aug 2002, digital China Vegetation Map in 2001 and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Vegetation Regionalization Map in 1996, vegetation characteristic along two sides of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway is studied in this article Meanwhile, the impacts of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway constructions on the ecosystems are analyzed using ARCVIEW、ARC/INFO and PATCH ANALYSIS It was found that:(1) Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway span 9 altitudes,12 longitudes and 6 natural regions (East Qinghai and Qilian mountain steppe region, Chaidamu mountain desert region, South Qinghai alpine meadow steppe region, Qiangtang alpine steppe region, Guoluonaqu alpine scrub meadow region and South Xizang mountain shrub steppe region);(2) the constructions of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway destroyed natural vegetation and landscape, especially in 50m-wide buffer regions along both sides of the roads, it was estimated that the Primary Productivity deceased by about 30504.62t/a and the gross biomass deceased by 432919.25～

：根据2001-08和2002-08月野外调查数据及2001年1∶100万中国植被图、1996年1∶400万青藏高原植被区划图和2000年青藏铁路沿线自然保护区分布及功能区界调整图，以青藏公路铁路沿线植被生态系统为研究对象，运用ARCVIEW和ARC/INFO软件研究青藏公路铁路建设对沿线生态系统结构的影响，结论如下：①青藏公路铁路南北跨越9个纬度，东西跨越12个经度，共穿越青东祁连山地草原地带、柴达木山地荒漠地带、青南高寒草甸草原地带、羌塘高寒草原地带、果洛那曲高寒灌丛草甸地带和藏南山地灌丛草原地带6个自然区，对植被类型的统计结果显示了地带性。②青藏公路铁路的建设对生态系统产生直接的切割，使景观更加破碎。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。