生态

It is the important objective of the core project "Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems" of International Geosphere Biosphere Project to prodict the feedback of terrestrial ecosystems on atmosphere and climate and the responses of the structure and function of ecosystems, natural and managed, to global change in finer scales.

预测陆地生态系统对大气和气候的反馈作用及在更微观的尺度上预测全球变化对自然和农业生态系统的结构和功能的效应是国际地圈－生物圈计划的核心项目"全球变化与陆地生态系统"的重要研究目标。

Aquatic ecosystem is the important habitat of biology, gestate abundant biologic resource and make up of the stucture of community.It keep balance of the ecosystem through the nutrients cycle and energy flow.

水生态系统是重要的生物资源栖息地，孕育着丰富的生物资源，构成了生态系统结构，通过与环境进行物质循环和能量流动等功能，维持着水生态系统平衡。

The main results include:(1) Ecological economy and landscape ecology are merged and applied in sustainable development evaluation of Beijing mountainous region. The landscape measure of regional sustainable development is to build a model landscape with reasonable structure, efficient function and harmonic relationship of ecological system.

主要取得的研究结果：(1)提出了生态经济理论与景观生态理论相结合进行北京山区可持续发展评价，区域可持续发展的景观途径就是将人类活动对于景观演化的影响导入良性循环，建立一种由结构合理、功能高效、关系协调的生态系统组成的模式景观，以实现区域可持续发展。

By lengthening food chain of floating bed ecosystem and strengthening characteristic of microbial enrichment on the bed, a combined ecological floating bed using hydrophyte, aquatic animal and microbial ecosystem as main body was constructed, and the improvement effect of eutrophic source water quality was investigated.

摘 要：通过延长浮床生态系统的食物链和强化浮床的微生物富集特性，构筑了以水生植物、水生动物及微生物生态系统为主体的组合生态浮床，考察了其对富营养化水源水质的改善效果。

By lengthening food chain of floating bed ecosystem and strengthening characteristic of microbial enrichment on the bed,a combined ecological floating bed using hydrophyte,aquatic animal and microbial ecosystem as main body was constructed,and the improvement effect of eutrophic source water quality was investigated.

通过延长浮床生态系统的食物链和强化浮床的微生物富集特性，构筑了以水生植物、水生动物及微生物生态系统为主体的组合生态浮床，考察了其对富营养化水源水质的改善效果。

The sightseeing of seascape is to develop all kinds of the seaside traveling projects: activities of sand beach, hydroplane and forest. There will become the best place for travel.

生态湿地游主要是围绕黄水河口的生态湿地，适当扩大规模，开展对环境影响较小的湿地观光、生态教育等活动，坚持在保护前提下进行合理开发。

On the base of Pearson correlation coefficient indicate that the connection between IBI and CQHEI is higher than IBI and ISC of Juoshuei river basin. To the section of the upper and middle reaches, we suggest choosing simple and convenient SIAM to be the standard for environment in the future. But due to the type of ecosystem has a tendency to estuary ecosystem at the lower reach of Juoshuei river basin, SIAM is more unsuitable for evaluating at the reach. The correlation between each index is not notable, so we suggest seeking other assessment method as comparative environmental standards.

由指标相关性讨论可知栖地品质与生物完整性相关性较高(r=0.649)，水质状态与生物完整性相关性则较低(r=0.267)，对於中上游河段部分，建议日后进行河川生态环境调查时可选择简便易用的SIAM模式做为标准；下游近海河段则因河川型态渐转变为河口生态系的型态，故适用於溪流生态系的SIAM在适用性上较差，各指标间相关性并不显著，建议可寻求其他评估模式做为环境品质的判断标准。

The patterns and changing of The Changbai Mountain forest ecosystem services affected by human activities were explored in this paper. The impact of human activities on Changbai Mountain forest ecosystem services include positive effects and negative effects, they were expatiated in the paper. The positive effects include protecting idioplasm resources, wildlife and natural landscape, and forest fireproofing, and so on. The negative effects contain the capacity of biodiversity, purifying environment, regulating climate, buffering disaster and supplying product etc.

摘 要：本文分析了人类活动对长白山森林生态系统服务功能影响的方式和利弊，并将其影响分为正面影响和负面影响进行阐述，其中正面影响为生物种质资源保护、野生动植物资源保护、森林防火、自然景观保护等；负面影响为生物多样性维持能力下降、影响生态系统对大气和气候的调节过程、削弱净化环境的能力、影响水文调节能力、影响灾害缓冲能力、降低生态系统产品供给能力、改变营养物质的贮存和循环过程等。

At present, the ecological safety appraisal theory and method arenot riper yet. On the basis of absorbing the domestic and international relevant research incomprehensive appraisal of ecological safety, the safe comprehensive appraisal method ofthe ecology of subsiding areas and instance have been explored and studied in this text.

目前，生态安全的评价还没有比较成熟的理论与方法，在吸收国内外生态安全综合评价相关研究的基础之上，对采煤塌陷区生态安全综合评价方法及实例进行了探索与研究。

As a result of its high sensitivity, low-bearing capacity of the disaster, small environmental capacity, the Karst ecosystems have become a typical ecological fragile zone. The fragile ecosystems coupled with the irrational human use of the land, lead to the rapid environmental degradation, which seriously restricted the economic development in the areas. Thus people's attention about them is increasing, and a series of related research has started, which has yielded some results.

由于喀斯特地区生态系统敏感度高，灾变承受能力低，环境容量小，成为典型的生态脆弱区，加上人类对土地的不合理利用，使得该地区生态环境迅速退化，严重制约该地区的经济发展，因而受到人们的极大关注，对其展开了一系列的相关研究，取得了一些成果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。