生态

But most natural forests were transformed into the artificial cultivated ecosystem—such as farmland, orchard, tea garden, economic forest, artificial forest, and others-which was result from the managing action by mankind such as disforest and reclamation, building plantation. It presented diversification of forest ecosystem conversion mode.

在历史上，中亚热带山地生态系统的自然植被基本上为天然常绿阔叶林，但由于人类的经营活动(如毁林开辟耕地、营造人工林等)，大部(来源：A85BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)分天然林已转变为人工栽培用途的生态系统(如农田、果园、茶园、经济林、人工林等)，呈现出多样化的森林生态系统转换模式。

And the applied methods of soil seed bank in ecologic restoration for ...

本文对土壤种子库的特征、研究方法和国内外研究进展等进行了综述，探讨了土壤种子库存植被恢复和重建中的重要作用，分析了土壤种子库应用于工程创面生态生态恢复的优势，提也了利用土壤种子库对工程创面进行生态恢复的实施方法。

The ecotype consumption is a kind of consumption mode which accord with environment rule.

生态消费是一种生态化的消费模式，生态消费对于传统消费方式的超越和变革决定了它不是一般意义上的问题，而是关系到人类活动的重大社会问题。

Therefore, we should change the traditional consumption mode, build up a kind of consumption mode which accord with environment rule—— ecotype consumption mode.

为此，必须改变传统消费模式，建立一种符合生态规律要求的、生态化的消费模式——生态消费模式。

North Swan" to the international quality | tailor-made | product | services throughout the calendar year and bedding down on the hotel industry by highlighting the profound understanding of the "North Swan eco-feather bedding" series of products to test their abilities at home and abroad spoke highly of the user. November 2004,"North Swan" Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing held a theme of "Green Olympics 2008 hotel" down the ecological Recommended Products Council; February 2005,"North Swan" Garden Hotel in Shanghai held a theme of "surface to the 2010 Shanghai World Expo hotel ecological Eiderdown Recommended Products Council, has won the hotel industry participants alike.

"北天鹅"以国际品质|度身定做|丰富产品|全程服务的历年和对酒店业羽绒寝具的深刻理解所突出的"北天鹅生态羽绒寝具"系列产品身手国内外用户的高度评价。2004年11月份，"北天鹅"在北京钓鱼台国宾馆召开了主题为"2008绿色奥运酒店"的生态羽绒产品推荐会；2005年2月，"北天鹅"在上海花园饭店召开了主题为"面向2010年上海世博会酒店"的生态羽绒产品推荐会，赢得了与会酒店业内人士的一致好评。

All these indicate that the idea of EM has been diffused broadly and recognized extensively. Whereas, from the status quo of contemporary discussions of EM in the disciplines of environmental sociology and environmental politics, the authors believe that it is necessary to study the approaches and measurements to realize EM emergently.

但从当前环境社会学界和环境政治学界对"生态现代化"讨论的现实来看，笔者认为必须加快对生态现代化的实现途径与措施的研究，否则，生态现代化概念或思想本身对促进全球和区域的可持续发展的作用是有限的。

In the pelagic subsystem,there are 4biological state variables which were represented by functional groups:flagellate,diatom,pelagic bacteria and zooplankton.In the benthic subsystem,there were 5 biological state variables represented also by functional groups:macrobenthos,meiobenthos,aerobic and anaerobic bacteria,and shrimp-which is actually epibenthos.

将浮游亚生态系又划分为4个功能群，分别为：鞭毛藻、浮游硅藻、水体中细菌和浮游动物，将底栖亚生态系划分为5个功能群，分别为大型底栖动物、小型底栖动物、底栖厌氧菌、底栖好氧菌，对于营底上生活的对虾也划分在这一亚生态系中予以考虑。

However, there were some defects in the EF model given by Rees W E in 1999, i.e. inaccurate of the productive and equipotent factors, lacking enough consideration for the functions differences of ecological system, and static EF model. A Modified Ecological Footprint Model was proposed according to the problem and deficiency mentioned above.

文章针对Recs W E等提出的生态足迹模型中存在的问题与不足（如：产量因子和当量因子参数选取偏差，生态功能差异表现不充分，模型不具动态性等）提出了改进生态足迹模型。

ABSTRACT Global carbon cycle is a very important issue in the study of global climate change. Forest ecosystem carbon cycle is one of the important part of global carbon cycle, but at the present time there are considerable uncertainties in the research of global carbon cycle, which also exist in forest ecosystems carbon cycle research, especially in the estimation of carbon storage of region forest ecosystems and CO〓 fluxes exchanging with other systems.

全球碳循环是全球气候变化研究的核心问题之一，森林生态系统碳循环是全球碳循环的重要组成部分，目前在全球碳循环的研究中还存在很大的不确定性，这种不确定性同样存在于森林生态系统碳循环的研究中，尤其表现在对区域森林生态系统碳库大小及其与大气CO〓交换通量的估计上。

Based on the data collected from 8 plots and using Shannon and Simpson index, this paper calculated and analyzed diversity of Eupatorium catarium community in Hainan. And, niche breadth and niche overlap of E. catarium community were analyzed by using Levins and Pianka formulae. The results were as follows:(1)The diversity of E.

基于对海南儋州地区假臭草群落的调查，应用辛普森和香农指数测定了该地区不同生境类型的假臭草群落的生物多样性；并以各种杂草的重要值作为生态位计算的资源状态指标，应用Levins公式和Pianka公式计算分析了该地区假臭草群落各物种的生态位宽度和生态位重叠。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。