生态

The second part give an all-around demonstration on eco-economic backgrounds of hilly gullied loess region and concluded that small watersheds are dominant landscape units that enable them to be basic for regional management and development.

第二部分综合阐述了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的生态经济背景，指出：小流域为黄土丘陵沟壑区的优势景观单元，是区域治理与发展的基本单元；并提出区域治理与开发的生态与生产定位：区域应以水土保持、改善生态环境为新世纪的主要战略任务，国家的退耕还林草政策为区域加大环境治理提供了新的契机；在生态环境明显改善的基础上实现粮食自给，实行农牧结合，重点发展畜牧业，有选择的发展经济林果业。

The second part give an all-around demonstration on eco-economic backgrounds of hilly gullied loess region and concluded that small watersheds are dominant landscape units that enable them to be basic for regional management and development. Ecological and economic strategies for regional development are also put forward: soil and water conservation to improve ecological environment should be first-line task the region shoulders in the new century."Grain for Green"policy provides chances of accelerating development for the region. Maintaining food self-supporting based on an improved ecological environment; combining agriculture and husbandry in the production system; taking husbandry as pivot while selectively develop cash forest.

第二部分综合阐述了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的生态经济背景，指出：小流域为黄土丘陵沟壑区的优势景观单元，是区域治理与发展的基本单元；并提出区域治理与开发的生态与生产定位：区域应以水土保持、改善生态环境为新世纪的主要战略任务，国家的退耕还林草政策为区域加大环境治理提供了新的契机；在生态环境明显改善的基础上实现粮食自给，实行农牧结合，重点发展畜牧业，有选择的发展经济林果业。

Hilly gullied loess region, the main body of Loess Plateau, is also an eco-economic sensitive area with special landscape pattern. Being an ecological fragile and economically underdeveloped region, environment protection and economic development remain to be double tasks it expects to solve simultaneously.

中文题名黄土高原丘陵沟壑区小流域优化生态－生产范式副题名外文题名 Optimized eco-productive paradigm for small watersheds in hilly gullied Loess Plateau 论文作者孔正红导师张新时院士学科专业生态学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学院植物研究所学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数143页关键词农业生态系统优化生态－生产范式小流域黄土丘陵沟壑区馆藏号BSLW /2003 /Q948 /26 黄土丘陵沟壑区是黄土高原的主体部分，也是具有特殊景观格局的生态-经济敏感区。

This paper holds that the ecological trade as an important industry should be deve loped in Hainan,for Hainan has its natural environment and better social economic conditions,which lays a good foundation for the development of ecological trade.

海南建立生态省，作为生态省的重要产业———贸易业，也应该发展生态贸易。海南所具有的自然环境条件和社会经济条件，为发展生态贸易奠定了良好的基础。

The thesis is organized into three parts: in the first part, through analysis of the ideal of habitat environment in the traditional culture, the central issues of the study -natural ecology and morphological ecology - are proposed; in the second part, through the theory of sustainable development and ecology, the typical cased in traditional habitat are evaluated from different standpoints, and sustainable development strategies of the traditional habitat environment in the aspects of natural ecology and morphological ecology are recapitulated; in the third part, with cases of the experimental practices nowadays in habitat environment, the possibility of the representation and development of the spirit in the traditional ideal habitat environment are finally presented.

本文的研究框架分为三个部分：第一部分通过对传统文化中反映的人居环境理想的分析，提出传统理想人居环境的研究核心——自然生态与形态生态；第二部分运用当今的可持续发展理论、生态学观点，多角度地评析了传统人居环境的典型案例，概括出传统人居环境在实现自然生态与形态生态两个方面所遵循的可持续发展的原则；第三部分从目前人居环境领域内的实验性探索切入，探索了传统的理想人居环境精华在当代再现并发展的可能性。

At present, wetland restoration is a main method to renew the ecological function of the wetland ecosystem, and the Eco-economic benefit is focused on.The paper analyzes and valuates the ecosystem service of Dongting Lake wetland, and discusses its change on the background of wetland restoration. Based on this, the project of Ecological function regionalization is put forward.

本文以洞庭湖湿地为研究区域，对该地区内的生态系统服务功能进行了分析和价值估算；并探讨在退田还湖背景下，洞庭湖湿地生态系统的生态服务功能的变化；在此基础上，提出生态区划方案。

By using Shannon-Wiener index of niche breadth and Pianka index of niche overlap, this paper studied the niche characteristics of main plant species at different succession stages of vegetation in desert areas of north Gulang County, Gansu Province.

利用Shannon—Wiener生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠公式，计测分析了甘肃省古浪县北部荒漠植被主要植物种在不同植被演替阶段的生态位宽度和生态位重叠。

Based on the importance value, the Shannon-Wienner and Simpson index of niche breadth, the Schoener's niche proportional simulation and the Levins' niche overlap of the main trees in Qiandaohu water conservation forests were calculated in the paper.

以群落样地作为资源状态，以树种的重要值作为树种对资源位计测依据，用Shannon-Wienner、Levins和Schoener的生态位计测公式，分析了千岛湖水源涵养林26个主要树种的生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例和生态重迭指数。

A space series substituting time series method was adapted and Levins niche breadth index and the Pianka Niche overlap index was applied to calculate the resumption of different age and population niche and niche overlap in spring-autumn grassland enclosed for different years at Zhaosu horse ranch.

采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法，运用Levins生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数，对不同围封恢复年限种群生态位及生态位重叠计算分析。

Recently the Lungken eco-protection area of Kenting National Park was polluted by oil-spills from a stranded cargo boat and precious coral reefs was in danger of sticky oil and clean-up. The ERA to damaged coral reefs ecosystem is proposed and a necessary conceptual model is created for future detail assessments.

近期垦丁国家公园龙坑生态保护区受搁浅货轮渗漏燃油污染，由於清理时效延宕造成污染扩大，危及海岸珊瑚礁生态，拟就垦丁珊瑚礁生态系之溢油污染及清理方式来探讨生态风险评估之必要性及建立初步之概念模式。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。