生存竞争

Along with the outspread of china's economy reform, market competition play abasic role in china's economy. Economy scale grow rapidly under market economy, whichresult in monopoly directly; on the other hand, authority mechanism of the inhere systemshaped under the nation monopoly. Consequently, monopoly in china is complex and oddwith the interlace of economy monopoly and administration monopoly, which cumberchina's free competition order.

随着我国经济体制改革的展开，市场机制及其竞争机制开始发挥基础性的调节作用，一方面市场竞争开始获得了生存空间，经济规模迅速增长，也便有了垄断产生的土壤；另一方面，原有体制中颇具根基的行政化、官本位权力机制，在国家垄断势力的依托下逐步成长。

With the continuing development of economic tertiarization and globalization, the survival and developmental surrounding for the enterprise is becoming worseness, more and more manufacturing enterprise recognized that they have to compete through not only hard^ products, but also soft^ service.

经济服务化与全球化的日益发展，使得企业的生存和发展环境日趋恶化，企业及其产品间的市场竞争日趋激烈，越来越多的制造业企业感到，只靠&硬&产品在市场上竞争是不够的，还需要通过&软&服务来增强产品的竞争力。

The price of attenuating competition is always high, even when it is deemed necessary for survival (as posited by social contract theory).

减小竞争的代价总是很高的，甚至是在竞争被看成是生存的必要条件时也会如此（正如社会契约论者所设想的那样）。

With the economic globalization and the rapid development of science and technology,the global economic competition is becoming more and more furious,and how to create and keep the competitive advantage turns into the most inmportant problem.

经济的全球化和科学技术的迅速发展，使全球经济竞争变得愈来愈激烈，如何创造并保持竞争优势，已成为每个企业生存和发展的首要问题。

For financial institutions, trade finance should be carried out with much more effort, forfaiting factoring and new trade finance products should be applied/developed to meet the foreign trade companies" demand, with the financial institutions" business developed and risk controlled at the same time.

从银行角度，为了充分发挥金融在现代经济中的核心作用，更为了加入WTO后面对更加激烈的竞争，银行自身的生存、业务发展，必须适应企业、市场的融资需求，大力度开展贸易融资业务，积极开发贸易融资业务新产品，开展、推广保理、福费廷等业务，创新外经贸金融和保险服务，有利控制风险，扩展业务，应对竞争，求得与外经贸企业的共赢发展。

To make a comprehensive view of metapopulation researches, we folly analyze and summarize the present concepts, theories and models of metapopulation in this paper, which primarily includes the dynamical models and simulation approaches of single and competitive metapopulations. Based on the Levin's patch occupant model, the center framework of metapopulation researches, primary principles and mechanisms are discussed. First, Levins rule: the fraction of empty patch will remain constant with habitat destruction as long as metapopulation survives. This rule implies that empty patches have determinant effects on persistence and conservation. Second. Allee effect of metapopulation is incurred by establishing difficulties and dispersal costs, which is important to the studies of reserve area and the minimum available metapopulation size. Third, we analyze the rescue effect that immigrants can reduce the extinction risk of the presented local population. Rescue effect can leads to the improvement of metapopulation sustainability and the decrease of fraction of empty patches. Fourth, the coexistence mechanism of two competing metapopulation is discussed, which suggests that competition-colonization trade off may be prevalent in competing systems. Finally, extinction debt ob tamed from coexistence mechanism is given, which depicts the lost of species richness in the future for the current habitat destruction. After theoretical discussion, we present two popular simulated approaches in metapopulations: probability transition model and stochastic process model.

为了能总观集合种群进展的全局并开展进一步的工作，首先对集合种群的已有概念、理论和模型做了全面的分析和总结；其次对集合种群的发展和概念进行了探讨，以集合种群模型的中心框架：Levins的斑块占据模型为基础，展开对其它原理、效应和机制的探讨；主要包括了Levins原理，即当生境进到破坏时，空斑块比例在集合种群灭绝前保持不变，然后还分析了Allee效应（集合种群的Allee效应主要是由于建群困难和扩散损失造成的）；第三，分析了援救效应：迁人个体可以降低斑块中现有局域种群的灭绝风险，援救效应会增强集合种群的生存力，使空斑块比例下降第四，探讨了两竞争集合种群的共存机制，即竞争－侵占妥协，其共存机制为空间生境中物种共存提供了有力的理论解释。

He also mentioned that China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines merger may lead to greater competitive pressure on the Spring and Autumn Annals and other Chinese airlines,"Only in the brutal competition to survive, business is there is hope rather than rely on the protection."

他还提到，中国东方航空公司和上海航空公司的合并可能形成更大的竞争压力，对春秋和其他中国航空公司来说，&只有在残酷激烈的竞争中能够生存下来，企业才是有希望的，而不是依靠保护&。

In new century, the wave tide of economic globalization in world rushes to come over toward us, the competition between business enterprise become gradually vigorous, the business enterprise that have no competitive advantage basically can't exist.

在新的世纪中，世界经济全球化的浪潮向我们袭来，企业之间的竞争变得日趋激烈，没有竞争优势的企业根本无法生存。

In such a highly competitive market environment, enterprise enterprises to develop in line with the strategic goal of regime policy, Only in this way can we as a modern enterprise in this fierce competition in the market to survive, to develop.

在这样竞争激烈的市场环境中，企业制定出符合企业战略目标的制度政策来，只有这样作为现代企业才能在这激烈的市场竞争中得以生存、得以发展。

Animals and plants struggle for their existence.

动物和植物为生存而竞争，大自然赋予了它们进行竞争的武器。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。