生命伦理学

"Dignity" is a concept frequently presented in bioethics. American bioethicist Ruth Macklin thought that dignity is not only unimportant in bioethics, but also can be replaced by other concept, such as respect autonomy, without any loss.

"尊严"是频繁出现在生命伦理学中的一个概念，但美国学者麦克琳却在最近认为，尊严在生命伦理学中是个无用的概念，可以毫无损失地用其它概念，比如尊重人的自主性概念所代替。

Peter Singer is one of the few bioethicist that offers sound arguments to most of the bioethical issues, such as killing and euthanasia. His arguments for euthanasia are meticulous and strong and such arguments could be extended to support physician assisted suicide. Thus, this dissertation takes Singer's approach for the analysis of the issue, and, argues and seeks a morally acceptable outlet for physician assisted suicide.

而由於辛格可说是生命伦理学的巨擘，对於生命伦理学里的多数议题提出相当完善的论据，如对於杀生与自愿安乐死的议题，即提出详细且严谨的论据，且由其支持自愿安乐死之论据可申论为支持医助自杀之论据，因此本文以辛格之进路来论医助自杀，以期为医助自杀寻找一条道德上可以接受的出路。

This paper reviews the international codes and declarations of bioethics and examines their effect, application and facing problems.

论文摘要本文通过考察有关生命伦理学的国际准则和宣言，探讨了生命伦理学普遍性原则的应用及其面临的问题。

To set up calamity of pestilence ethics is one of the mission of bioethics.

创构灾疫伦理学是生命伦理学的一项使命。

To examine contemporary and human rights and resolve human rights predicament to promot the development of bioethics.

要科学审视当代生命伦理学和人权关系，化解人权困境，推动生命伦理学的发展。

It is essential to uncover heritage and culture resource, to establish the framework of bioethics theory and to solve the specific problems.

应该挖掘所有人类的理性遗产和文化资源，建立和构建生命伦理学理论框架和体系，从而解决对具体生命伦理问题和现象评价的困难。

And it holds that the establishment of a kind of integrated moral views on life in consistent with the goal of current medicine is the premise to the cultivation of trust relationship and the adherence to the bottommost ethical principles aiming at the three different levels of patient-physician relations is the foundation of trust relationship between two parties.

在此基础上，重点讨论了基于诚信的患医关系如何构建的问题，认为任何缺乏统一性、稳定性、连续性的生命道德观的生命伦理学，在临床伦理决策中不可避免地会推崇决疑法和情境伦理学方法，从而破坏患者对医方的信任度；认为一种符合于当前医学目的的、统一的生命道德观的确立是培育诚信关系的前提，而针对三个不同层次患医关系的最底线伦理原则的坚守是双方诚信关系构建的基础。

Key Words:human dignity, Ruth Macklin, bioethical principle, mission of bioethics

人的尊严，麦克琳，生命伦理学的原则，生命伦理学的使命

To refute Macklin's arguments and defines the meaning of human dignity. The mission of bioethics is to protect human dignity in our new biotechnological era.

反驳了麦克琳的观点，定义了尊严的含义，认为生命伦理学的使命就是在当代生命科技高度发达的情况下如何尊重和保护人的尊严。

The analysis and conclusion of bioethics ideology in Neijing will make for transfusing more Chinese element in the theoretical system of bioethics of contemporary China. This will be beneficial complement in the field of theory and social practice.

通过对《内经》生命伦理思想的分析和总结，有助于在当代中国生命伦理学理论体系中注入更多的中国元素，在理论层面和社会应用方面做出有益的补充。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。