生叶的

Leaves opposite, usually glaucescent, linear or lanceolate, veins parallel, base slightly connate, margin scabrid.

通常，叶对生，线形或披针形，平行的脉，基部稍合生，粗糙的边缘。

Leaves alternate, petiolate; stipules deciduous, intrapetiolar, incompletely connate, apex 2-cleft; leaf blade papery, pinnately veined or 3-veined, margin often coarsely dentate or serrate, rarely entire; cystoliths punctiform or botuliform.

叶互生，具叶柄；托叶脱落，叶柄内，不完全合生，顶2半裂；纸质的叶片，成羽状脉或3脉的，边缘通常粗牙齿或有锯齿，很少全缘；钟乳体点状或者香肠状。

Flowers perfect and hermaphroditic or occasionally unisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic,(2-)4(-7)-merous, axillary, in leafy spikes or racemes or solitary, or occasionally in panicles, all but Ludwigia with distinct floral tube, nectariferous within.

偶有的完全花和两性的或单性，辐射对称或者两侧对称，(2-)(-7)瓣，腋生的4，在多叶穗状花序或总状花序或单生内，萼片绿色或有色，镊合状排列。

The flower has calorie of power, sepal egg shape wraps around needle form, petaline corydalis is lubricious, have canaliculus state, straight or go up a bit curved; Florescence 4 ～ May, purple floret, xie Rengqing of after autumn bine is green be like first, the companion other the flower has acicular small fruit, till at the beginning of the winter, ground upside divides ability wither, because this is wonderful ground by the plant, but sheet is planted the predestined relationship issues a Zhi Yulin or on the meadow of exposed to the sun, also but with other herb, wait like bison grass, dandelion mix kind, form level ground of beautiful compose flowers and plants.

紫花地丁叶基生，狭披针形或卵状披针形，边缘具圆齿，叶柄具狭翅，托叶钻状三角形，有睫毛。花有卡柄，萼片卵状披针形，花瓣紫堇色，具细管状，直或稍上弯；花期4～5月，紫色小花，秋后茎叶仍青绿如初，花旁伴有针状小果，直至冬初，地上部分才枯萎，因此是极好的地被植物，可单种成片植于林缘下或向阳的草地上，也可与其他草本植物，如野牛草。蒲公英等混种，形成漂亮的缀花草坪。

Leaves opposite or verticillate, shortly petiolate; leaf blade small, margin usually entire.

叶对生或者轮生，具短叶柄；小的叶片，全缘的边缘通常。

Koyama (1960) divided Smilax into six sections according to inflorescence and prophylla etc., and defined the sect. Macranthae as with raceme of one to many umbels, defined sect. Smilax as with umbels sessile on elongate. If it is only one umbel, the peduncle has a node or prophylla at the base. After researching on most literatures on Smilacaceae in different floras, observing most of Smilax specimens in the world .

Koyama(1960)对东南亚产的菝葜属做了详细的分类学研究，根据花序类型、先出叶等特点将菝葜属划分为6个组，并将具有一至多个伞形花序排列成圆锥花序的一系列种定义为圆锥菝葜组或花序无梗定义为穗菝葜组，认为若是单个伞形花序腋生，则在总花梗下部必定具一关节或具一枚先出叶。

Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, often petiolate, axils sometimes with small stipulelike leaves.

叶对生，很少轮生，具叶柄的通常，有时小的具离开。

Leaves opposite or whorled, serrate; stipules tiny; petioles connected by a transverse ridge on stem.

叶对生或轮生，有锯齿；托叶极小；在词干上一座横裂的脊连结的叶柄。

Pollen cones terminal, solitary or clustered in leaf axils, or borne in spikelike complexes; individual cones pedunculate or sessile; microsporophylls numerous, spirally arranged, with distinct adaxial and abaxial surfaces; microsporangia 2; pollen 2(or 3)-saccate in Chinese species,.

雄球花单个顶生，或者在叶腋簇生，或者形成穗状复合花序；雄球花有花序梗或者无；小孢子叶许多，螺旋状排列，背腹面显著；小孢子囊2个；中国的种类的花粉2 (-3)气囊，。

Leaves opposite, usually in many pairs; stipules small; petioles short, connate at base, forming a short sheath; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, margin serrate, with 1 gland at serrate tip.

叶对生，通常有多对；托叶小；叶柄短，在基部的合生，形成一短鞘；叶片椭圆形，卵状椭圆形，或椭圆形披针形，边缘有锯齿，在有锯齿端部的具1腺体。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。