生叶的

Genetic diversities were evaluated and compared at three levels of morphology(i.e., apical bud, leaf, seed and cupule for nine populations), allozyme and DNAs(AFLP analysis on four populations) in order to determine core germplasm of Q.

测定了共计9个群体的当年生枝的顶芽、叶、坚果、壳斗的表型多样性、9个群体的等位酶多样性、其中4个群体的DNA多样性，并对3个不同层次的遗传多样性研究进行了比较和评价。

Another trend apparent throughout the tribe is the reduction of the large, terminal inflorescence to a few digitate or paired racemes, often arising from the axils of specialized leaves with inflated sheaths and reduced blades. In the most complex genera the ultimate unit is a boat-shaped sheath without a blade subtending 1 or 2 short racemes, and by repeated branching many of these units are gathered into a leafy compound panicle.The spikelets contain 2 florets, but this is not obvious as the florets are delicate and usually reduced.

Another趋势对一些指状的或的大，顶生的开花的减少配对总状花序，在最多复合体属里末级的单位是一舟状的没有一叶片对着1或2短总状花序的鞘，并且通过被重复的分枝大多数这些件被收集成为一多叶的复合的panicle。

Since curly leaf hybrid could be recognized at early stage,and displayedobvious dwarfness,choosing"Zha′ai 76"as paternal parent not only raised thehybrid-selecting efficiency from the pollinated progenies,but also raised thebreeding efficiency of apomctc dwarf roostock of apple.

鉴别宽叶型杂种较难、需时较长(2-3年生时)并需与染色体倍性鉴定法相结合，因其形态变化较小而生长势又与平邑甜茶无融合生殖苗无明显差异；鉴别光叶型杂种因父本染色体组的影响加大而从形态上容易些，但也需过氧化物同工酶法或染色体倍性鉴定法相配合；皱叶型杂种因在苗期刚出1-2片真叶时就表现明显的标志性状、能从叶片形态上准确鉴别出来，毋须染色体倍性鉴定等复杂方法；因皱叶型杂种能早期鉴别，又表现明显的矮生性，因而选用"扎矮76"做父本不仅大大提高了平邑甜茶授粉后代中选择杂种的效率，而且提高了苹果无融合生殖型实生矮砧育种的效率。

Purpuraristatus, the growth, fertility, chromosome configuration, EST isozyme etc. were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the growth potentiality of (E. sibiricus×E. purpuraristatus) F2 and (E. purpuraristatus×E. sibiricus) F1 were much stronger than their parents, the plant height of the former was 143.2 cm. The whole plant was reseda, the latter was 129.7 cm. The spike nodding of two hybrids were in the middle of their parents, the anther was yellow; the pollen fertility was 0.02%~0.03%, seed set was 0; the average chromosome configuration of former pollen mother cell at PMC M Ⅰ was 6.90Ⅰ+14. 02Ⅱ, the latter was 7.82Ⅰ+13.59 Ⅱ, and lagging chromosome and bridge fragment were observed at meiosis anaphase Ⅰ the EST of the two hybrids F1 and their parents at tillering stage was some certain different in locus, number and intensity.

结果表明，正交F1和反交F1植株的生长势均很强，正交F1株高143.2 cm、全株浅绿色，反交F1株高129.7 cm、全株灰绿色；正、反交F1的穗型均呈双亲中间型，花药呈黄色，花粉可育率0.02%~0.03%，结实率为0，说明杂种高度不育；正交F1的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体构型为6.90Ⅰ+14.02Ⅱ，反交F1为7.82Ⅰ+13.59Ⅱ，减数分裂后期丁有落后染色体和染色体桥等不规则现象；亲本及其正、反交杂种F1分某期幼叶的EST同工酶酶带的位点、数目和强弱均存在一定差异，可作为亲本及杂种在蛋白质水平识别的重要依据。

Using nuclear DNA C-values for 539 angiosperms in China, we examined the variation of these values among growth forms and taxonomic groups and the relationship of these values with invasiveness. Mean DNA C-value of the 539 angiosperm species was 4.06 pg. Mean DNA C-value was(1) significantly lower for woody species (1.84 pg) than for herbaceous species(5.02 pg);(2) significantly lower for 360 dicots (2.20 pg) than for 179 monocots (7.80 pg);(3) significantly lower for annuals (2.78 pg) than for perennials(6.65 pg);(4) significantly lower for 134 weed species (1.93 pg) than for herbaceous non-weeds (6.75 pg) and for several families that have an unusually high proportion of weed species;(5) significantly lower for 47 exotic weed species (1.76 pg) than for 134 native weeds (1.93 pg), but significantly lower than that of "non-weedy" herbaceous species (6.75 pg);(6) lower for weeds than for "non-weedy" species in same genus or family; and (7) in herbaceous species, generally lower for weedy compared to "non-weedy" species, with some exceptions such as Avena fatua, whose DNA C-value is as high as 14.15 pg, contrarily, and some "non-weedy" herbaceous species in Cruciferae and Cucurbitaceae with very low values.

统计了中国境内有分布的539种被子植物的DNA C-值，分析了它们在不同分类群、生活型、倍性、生活史类型以及在杂草和非杂草类群中的分布情况，主要结果如下：(1)539种被子植物DNA C-值平均为4.06 pg，其中木本植物的DNA C-值平均为1.84 pg，低于草本植物的平均值(5.02 pg)；(2)双子叶植物(360种)的DNA C-值平均为2.20 pg，极明显地小于单子叶植物(179种)的平均值(7.80 pg)；(3)1年生植物的DNA C-值平均为2.78 pg，明显小于多年植物的平均DNA C-值(6.65 pg)；(4)134种杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.93 pg，明显小于非杂草草本植物的平均值(6.75 pg)，含杂草较多的科，平均DNA C-值相对较小；(5)统计的47种入侵杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.76 pg，略小于134种杂草的平均DNA C-值(1.93 pg)，极显著地小于非杂草性草本植物(6.75 pg)；(6)以科为单位，不同科的DNA C-值存在着极大的差异；(7)DNA C-值与染色体倍性的关系并不明显，但是，随着倍性的增加，基因组变小；(8)在同一科、属中，与非杂草相比，典型杂草的DNA C-值往往偏小；(9)总体上杂草或杂草性强的植物，它们的DNA C-值比非杂草性植物的要小。

Basal leaves 5--10; petiole 2--6 cm; blade ternate, or sometimes simple, pentagonal or broadly ovate in outline, 0.6--1.5 × 1--2.4 cm, thinly papery, subglabrous or abaxially puberulent; leaflets petiolulate, rhombic, 2- or 3-lobed or 2- or 3-partite, sometimes 1--2 × 3-sect and with ultimate segments lanceolate-linear; central lobe rhombic-obovate, 3-lobed or 3-partite.

基生叶5-10；叶柄2-6厘米；叶片三出，或者有时单，五边形的或宽卵形轮廓的， 0.6-1.5 * 1-2.4 厘米，薄纸质，近无毛或背面被微柔毛；小叶具小叶柄，菱形的，2或3裂或2或3 分裂的，有时1-2×3全裂并且具末回裂片的有时披针形线形的；中央裂片菱形倒卵形，3浅裂或分裂。

Soft branch yellow cicada is oleander division constant green half erect bush, xie Chang is elliptic, long 8-11 centimeter, wide 2-4.5 centimeter, opposite or 3-5 impeller are unripe, bud evil on Xie Duo is verticillate, xie Quanyuan, spend yellow, canister shape 5 crack, interior has amaranth streak, racemose move is born in the coping of new tip, florescence 6 one in October.

软枝黄蝉为夹竹桃科常绿半竖立灌木，叶长椭圆形，长8-11厘米，宽2-4.5厘米，对生或3-5叶轮生，萌孽条上叶多为轮生，叶全缘，花黄色，筒状五裂，内部有紫红色条纹，总状花序着生在新梢的顶部，花期6一10月。

Basal leaves with petioles (0.5-)1.5-4 cm, ciliate with simple trichomes; leaf blade 1- or 2-pinnatesect, oblong or ovate in outline, 1.5-6 × 0.7-3 cm; ultimate segments linear-oblong, oblong, or rarely ovate, 1.5-15 × 0.5-3 mm, apex obtuse or subacute.

基生叶具叶柄(0.5-)1.5-4厘米，单的具缘毛具；轮廓的叶片1或2 pinnatesect，长圆形或卵形， 1.5-6 * 0.7-3 厘米；线状长圆形的末回裂片，长圆形，卵形的或很少， 1.5-15 * 0.5-3 毫米，先端钝的或近尖的。

The main researching contents included as following:relationships betweenspecies diversity,community richness,vegetation succession,soil volume weight,solu-ble Na+concentration and five soil chemical elements(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)concentrationwith grazing intensities in the grassland.Relationships between concentrations,re-serve pools of plant nutrient materials,including five macroelements(N、P、K、Ca、Mg),crude protein,crude fibre,crude fat and total nonstructural carbohydrate,and their allocations in defferent plant parts with grazing intensities in thegrassland.Effects of grazing on Leymus chinensis population were also examined andthat more attentions were paid on the responses of many biological characteristics ofabove-and below-ground plant modules to different grazing intensities.Furthermore,in the respects of plant production,survival rate,tillering ability,total nonstructuralcarbohydrates content and others,the effects of one years different defoliationpatterns on the vitality of Leymus chinensis population were detected.

主要研究内容有：放牧对羊草草地植被和土壤的影响，致力于物种多样性、群落丰富度、植被演替和植物生产量、以及土壤容重、土壤水溶性Na+含量和五种土壤大量营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)的含量等土壤理化性状与放牧强度关系的分析，分析了不同放牧强度与羊草草地草群和羊草种群地上和地下各植物部分中多种营养物质的浓度、贮量及其分配的关系；放牧对羊草种群的影响，注重了羊草种群的地上与地下各植物器官对不同放牧强度的反应和适应性变化，最后，从植物生产量、存活率、分蘖能力以及总非结构性碳水化合物含量等方面，探讨了不同人为去叶方式组合对羊草种群当年和次年生活力的效应。

The good sense which kept him clear of Brook Farm because he thought Fourier had skipped no fact but one

爱默生认为傅立叶的观点恰巧漏掉了最为关键的一点，那就是生活，所以他会在&小溪农场运动&中那些脱离现实的观点和看法面前保持清醒和省慎的态度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。