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Basal and lowermost cauline leaves compound, 5-9-foliolate; petiole (3-)8-15(-20) cm; leaflets broadly oblong, ovate, or lanceolate,(2-)4-7(-10)×(1-)2-3(-4) cm, base oblique, cuneate, or subtruncate, margin coarsely serrate with a distinct mucro at tooth apex, apex obtusely acuminate with a distinct mucro; petiolule 1-5(-20) mm. Upper cauline leaves 3- or 5-foliolate, becoming gradually smaller and narrower upward.

基部和最下的茎生叶复合,5-9具小叶;叶柄(3-)8-15(-20)厘米;小叶宽长圆形,卵形,或披针形,( 2-)4-7(-10)*(1-)2-3(-4)厘米,基部偏斜,楔形,或近截形,有粗锯齿的边缘具离生短尖头钝在齿先端,先端时候渐尖具离生短尖头;小叶柄1-5(-20)上面的毫米茎生叶3-或者具5小叶,向上变得逐渐更小和更狭窄。

Basal and cauline leaves 2 or 3; leaf sheath auricles well developed; leaf blade terete, 2--27 cm, on cauline leaves tubular and distinctly septate.

基生和茎生叶2或3;叶鞘的叶耳发育良好;圆柱状的叶片,2-27厘米,茎生叶上管状和清楚具隔的。

Leaves densely gray-white pubescent abaxially; basal leaves basally rounded or subcordate; cauline leaves not auriculate; spikes 2-3 cm, 1-1.5 cm in diam.

叶浓密灰白色短柔毛背面;基部的基生叶圆形的或近心形;茎生叶而不是耳形;穗状花序2-3厘米,1-1.5厘米直径 46 P 。

Leaves both basal and cauline, cauline leaves 2--4, inserted at middle or above on stem.

叶都为基生和茎生,茎生叶2 --4,在茎上的着生的在中部或在上部。

Lateral branches penetrating leaf sheaths. Leaves alternate. Inflorescences borne at each node, opposite leaves, emerging from mouth of leaf sheath, each a large panicle of numerous cincinni; cincinni each subtended by an involucral bract; bracts similar to leaves, becoming smaller toward apex of cincinnus.

叶互生 花序着生在每节,与叶对生,从叶鞘口那里出现,每一个为一大的多数蝎尾状聚伞花序的圆锥花序;蝎尾状聚伞花序各自以一总苞片被包着;类似于叶的苞片,向蝎尾状聚伞花序先端变小。

Based upon the ecoanatomical method, leaf anatomical characters of eleven populations of six evergreen species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, C. myrsinaefolia, C. gracilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, C. eyrei and Lithocarpus glaber) from the eastern subtropical area of China were analyzed and compared with SPSS, DCA and TWINSPAN. The results are: 1. Although the leaf structures of the eleven populations still belong to the mesophyll type, they all express the trend of xerophilization. 2. There are some differences in leaf anatomical characters among populations, species and genera, which occur as the results of their adaptation to different habitats. 3. Different leaf anatomical characters have different variations among populations, species and genera, of which leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness (considered as ecological adaptation characters) have greater variation than sponge tissue thickness, lower cuticle thickness and lower epidermis thickness (as systematical evolution characters). 4. The leaves of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca with thicker lamina, palisade tissue and cuticle (a multilayered upper epidermis in C. sclerophylla) are thought to better adapt to their dry habitat. The leaves of C. eyrei with thicker sponge tissue, although characterized by a multlayered upper epidermis, adapt to their humid and warm habitat. The leaves of C. myrsinaefolia and C. gracilis characterized by a thinner lamina, a less palisade tissue and a moderate cuticle thickness adapt to the humid and cool habitat in a middle mountain.

选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种(青冈、小叶青冈、细叶青冈、苦槠、甜槠和石栎)的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖,并用SPSS, DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析,结果表明:①尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型,但有着不同程度的趋旱适应;②叶的解剖性状在属间、种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异,这是它们适应各自生境的结果,青冈和石栎的种内差异较大,反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力;③叶片的不同解剖性状在属、种类和种群间的变化并不同步,其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出,反映它们更易受环境的饰变,是生态适应性状,而海绵组织、下角质膜,特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小,显示出这些性状的稳定性,可以认为是系统演化性状;④苦槠、青冈具有较厚的叶片、栅栏组织、角质膜和发达输导和机械组织,苦槠还具有复表皮,表现出对旱化生境的适应;甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片,但这是海绵组织增厚的结果,是对中生生境的适应;小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较薄的叶片和栅栏组织、角质膜厚度居中等特点,可能是对中山凉湿生境的适应。

Basal leaves spiral, middle and distal stem leaves alternate; inflorescence racemiform, simple or few branched

基生叶螺旋形,中间和上部茎生叶互生;花序总状花序状,单的或很少分枝 1a var。

Leaves 10-20, red, spirally arranged, imbricate, scaly, longitudinally striate when dry; basal leaves on scape broadly ovate, ca. 1 cm; middle leaves oblong, ca. 2 cm; apical leaves subspatulate, 3-3.5 cm, subtending inflorescence.

叶10-20,红色,螺旋状排列,覆瓦状,有鳞,纵向干燥时具条纹;花葶上的基生叶宽卵形,约1厘米;中间叶长圆形,约2厘米;顶端叶近匙形的,3-3.5厘米,着生花序。

Roots fibrous. Basal leaves spatulate-oblong, 3.5-6 × 1-1.5 cm. Flowering stem erect, 5-60 cm; stem leaves alternate, broadly oblanceolate, subobovate, or ovate-orbicular, 2.5-3 × 0.4-1 cm, margin entire or distally acuminately serrate, apex obtusely rounded or acuminate.

根纤维状。基生叶匙形的长圆形, 3.5-6 * 1-1.5 厘米花茎直立,5-60厘米;茎生叶互生,宽,近倒卵形,或卵形圆形, 2.5-3 * 0.4-1 钝的厘米,边缘全缘或上部acuminately有锯齿,先端圆形的或渐尖。

Basal leaf blade ovate-triangular, base not cordate; cauline leaf borne near base of stem, about as large as basal leaves; petals white

基生叶卵状三角形,贱不心形;忍受的茎生叶干的近基部,关于象基生叶一样大;花瓣白色 8 P。

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