生产量

7Gm〓 in the 20 yr forest, 1139. 8gm〓 in the 80 yr forest and 912. 4 gm〓 in the climax forest, respectively. However, along with forest succession, the dominant tree species fine root annual production increases, whereas other arboreal and grass fine root annual production decreases.

白桦山杨幼林、白桦山杨成熟林与原始阔叶红松林中，细根年生长量分别为712.7gm〓、1139.8gm〓和912.4gm〓；但是，随着演替的进行，林地主要树种细根的年生产量会逐渐增加，其它木本和草本细根的年生产量则逐渐降低。

E.g. marginal cost = the ratio of the change in total cost to an infinitesimally small change in quantity produced.

当生产量的转变是无限少的时候，总成本的改变是生产量的改变的多少倍，这才是 marginal cost 的原意。

Marginal cost = the ratio of the change in total cost to an infinitesimally small change[/b:2fad9a4cb3] in quantity produced.

当生产量的改变是无限少的时候，总成本的改变是生产量的改变[/b：2fad9a4cb3]的多少倍，这才是 marginal cost 的原意。

As a whole,the notable characteristic of primary productivity in size-fractioned structure was that nanoplankton occupied comparatively significant advantage in Beibu Gulf.Nanoplankton has the largest contribution to gross primary productivity,and picoplankton was the secondary contributor,while microplankton the least.The contribution of microplankton for primary productivity in the north Gulf was more than that in the other waters.Nanoplankton and picoplankton contribute more to the gross primary productivity in offshore deep waters than in inshore shallow waters3.The Beibu Gulf can be divided into three ecoregions:Region-Ⅰis the ecoregion in inshore shallow waters of the north Gulf.In average,the water depth is 18m,DIN is 1.88μmol/L,DIP is 0.20μmol/L,N:P is 9.4:1,dissolved silicate is 5.17μmol/L,the Chl a conentration in surface layer is 2.27mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index in surface layer is 3.80mg/,the primary productivity is 198.78mgC/(m~2·d), and potential fishery production is estimated to be 0.24gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion is mainly affected by the northern coastal water systems,and may be fit for aquaculture;Region-Ⅱis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the north Gulf and the coastal shallow waters to the west Hainan Island.In average,the water depth is 35m,DIN is 2.01μmol/L,DIP is 0.18μmol/L,N:P is 11.2:1,disovled silicate is 4.23μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 1.45mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer is 4.12 mg/,the primary productivity is 276.60mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.34gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity. The ecoregion was mainly influenced by ocean current from the South China Sea, rivers in the west coast of Hainan Island and the water from Qiongzhou Strait.It may be fit for aquaculture and fishery;Region-Ⅲis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the mid and south Gulf.In average,the water depth is 75m,DIN is 0.77μmol/L, DIP is 0.15μmol/L,N:P is 5.1:1,disovled silicate is 3.05μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 0.70mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer averaged is 3.69mg/,the primary productivity is 350.89mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.43gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion was mainly affected by the circulation inside Beibu Gulf, and may be fit for fishery.

初级生产力的粒级结构的一个显著特点是总体上微型浮游生物在全调查海区均占较明显优势，对总初级生产力的平均贡献最大；微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献次之；小型浮游生物对总初级生产力的平均贡献最小；湾北部小型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾中部和湾南部，而湾中部和湾南部微型和微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾北部，远岸深水区高于近岸浅水区。3、北部湾可以分为三个生态区：湾北部近岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深19m，DIN浓度平均值为1.88μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.20μmol/L，N：P为9.4：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为5.17μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值高达2.27 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.80 mg/，初级生产力平均值198.78mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.24 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受湾北部沿岸水系影响，适合作为水产养殖区；湾北部深水区和海南岛西部沿岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深35m，DIN浓度平均值为2.01μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.18μmol/L，N：P为11.2：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为4.23μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值1.45 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为4.12mg/，初级生产力平均值276.60 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.34 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受南部湾口区海流向湾内延伸，沿岸海南岛河流注入湾内和琼州海峡过道水的影响，适合作为渔业作业区和水产养殖区；湾中部和南部远岸深水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深75m，DIN浓度平均值为0.77μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.15μmol/L，N：P为5.1：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为3.05μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值0.70 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.69 mg/，初级生产力平均值350.89 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.43 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受北部湾环流影响，适合作为渔业作业区。

The goal of throughput-oriented multiprocessing is to obtain high throughput at minimal computing cost.

面向生产量多处理器系统的目的是耗费最小的处理成本来获取最高的生产量。

Secondary production of major groups of macrozoobenthos in Lake Donghu was estimated from field data. The number of generaion, P/B coefficients and production of 9 dominant species were as follows: B. aeruginosa, univoltine, 91. 56g WW/m〓. yr, 0.64; S. lacustre, univoltine, 43. 02g WW/m〓. yr, 3. 55; B. sowerbyi, univoltine, 11. 39g WW/m〓. yr, 4. 15; L. hoffmesteri, trivoltine, 7. 09 g WW/m〓. yr, 11. 9; P. choreus, bivoltine, 5. 03g WW/m〓. yr, 10.33; Ch. plumosus, bivoltine, 3. 37g WW/m〓. yr, 9. 10; T. chinensis, univoltine, 3. 76g WW/m〓. yr, 4. 49; T. akamusi, univoltine, 44. 60g WW/m〓. yr, 4. 60; Clinotanypus sugiyamai, univoltine, 0.48g WW/m〓.

较系统地研究了东湖底栖动物九种优势种的生活史、P／B系数和生产量，其结果如下：铜锈环棱螺：一年一代，生产量为91.56g WW／m〓。yr，P／B系数0.64；湖球蚬：一年一代，43.02g WW／m〓。yr，3.55；苏氏尾鳃蚓：一年一代，11.39g WW／m〓。yr，4.15；霍甫水丝蚓：一年三代，7.09 g WW／m〓。yr，11.9；花翅前突摇蚊：一年两代，5.03g WW／m〓。yr，10.33；羽摇蚊：一年二代，3.37g WW／m〓。yr，9.10；中国长足摇蚊：一年一代，3.76g WW／m〓。yr，4.49；大红德永摇蚊：一年一代，44.60gWW／m〓。yr，4.60；褐斑菱跗摇蚊：一年一代，0.48g WW／m〓。yr，7.59。

Figure 3 Monopolistic versus Perfect Competition Monopolistically Competitive Firm Price MC Markup Perfectly Competitive Firm Price MC ATC ATC P P = MC Marginal cost MR Demand P = MR 0 Quantity produced Efficient scale Quantity 0 Quantity produced = Efficient scale Quantity Excess capacity

图3。 垄断竞争和完全竞争垄断竞争企业价格价格加成价格完全竞争企业 MC ATC P = MC MC ATC 边际成本 P = MR 需求曲线 MR 生产量有效规模需求产量生产量=有效规模产量过剩市场能力

Climate change ; aboveground net annual primary production ; aboveground average growth season production ; Stipa breviflora community

气候变化；地上净生产量；生长季节地上平均生产量；短花针茅植物群落

The relationship between aboveground net annual primary production,aboveground average growth season production and long term climate change was analyzed in Stipa breviflora desert steppe in Inner Mongolia.

本文通过分析短花针茅草原植物群落地上净生产量、生长季节地上平均生产量与多年气候变化的相互关系，指出短花针茅草原近年气温有逐步升高的趋势，降水量的波动成随机性。

The main researching contents included as following:relationships betweenspecies diversity,community richness,vegetation succession,soil volume weight,solu-ble Na+concentration and five soil chemical elements(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)concentrationwith grazing intensities in the grassland.Relationships between concentrations,re-serve pools of plant nutrient materials,including five macroelements(N、P、K、Ca、Mg),crude protein,crude fibre,crude fat and total nonstructural carbohydrate,and their allocations in defferent plant parts with grazing intensities in thegrassland.Effects of grazing on Leymus chinensis population were also examined andthat more attentions were paid on the responses of many biological characteristics ofabove-and below-ground plant modules to different grazing intensities.Furthermore,in the respects of plant production,survival rate,tillering ability,total nonstructuralcarbohydrates content and others,the effects of one years different defoliationpatterns on the vitality of Leymus chinensis population were detected.

主要研究内容有：放牧对羊草草地植被和土壤的影响，致力于物种多样性、群落丰富度、植被演替和植物生产量、以及土壤容重、土壤水溶性Na+含量和五种土壤大量营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)的含量等土壤理化性状与放牧强度关系的分析，分析了不同放牧强度与羊草草地草群和羊草种群地上和地下各植物部分中多种营养物质的浓度、贮量及其分配的关系；放牧对羊草种群的影响，注重了羊草种群的地上与地下各植物器官对不同放牧强度的反应和适应性变化，最后，从植物生产量、存活率、分蘖能力以及总非结构性碳水化合物含量等方面，探讨了不同人为去叶方式组合对羊草种群当年和次年生活力的效应。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐