琥珀酸的

We obtained a 1.5Kb DNA fragment of the succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit by PCR amplification and carried out the homolog analysis with those of other organisms.The result indicated a high homologh in this fragment among the five organisms.

通过PCR方法得到了琥珀酸脱氢酶黄素蛋白基因的一个1.5KB大小的DNA片段，并与其它生物的同种酶的基因序列进行了同源性分析，发现在所比较的五种不同生物之间这个区段具有很高的同源性。

This invention is directed to a stable liquid pharmaceutical formulation comprising a high concentration, e.g. 50 mg/ml or more, of antibody in about 20-60 mM succinate buffer or 30-70 mM histidine buffer, having pH from about pH 5.5 to about pH 6.5, about 0.01-0.1% polysorbate, and a tonicity modifier that contributes to the isotonicity of the formulation.

本发明涉及一种稳定的液体药物制剂，该制剂含有：pH约5.5-6.5的约20-60mM的琥珀酸缓冲液，或30-70mM的组氨酸缓冲液；约0.01％-0.1％的聚山梨酯；和能增强该制剂等渗性的渗透修饰剂，以及高浓度如50mg/ml或以上的抗体。

Results: The changes following hydrocortisone intervention of rats could be identified by PCA, and the kidney deficiency syndrome rats entered a state of "hyperfunction", involving a series of changes in metabolic pathway and metabolic network. The response integral area of lactic acid (δ 1.37) increased, indicating the accumulation of metabolites of lactic acid. The amount of dimethylamine (δ 2.72) also increased, indicating that the disorder of kidney function was related to kidney-deficiency syndrome. The response of creatinine (δ 3.87), asparaginic acid (δ 2.83), taurine (δ 3.44, 3.28), and hippurate (δ 7.84, 7.56, 7.64, 3.97) all decreased significantly, indicating that the hydrocortisone might cause adrenal cortex excretion injury. The response integral area of succinate (δ 2.41) and citric acid (δ 2.53, 2.68) decreased, which was usually caused by disorder of the mitochondrial function.

结果：PCA方法处理肾虚证和空白对照大鼠尿液数据显示，两组大鼠的数据可以在得分图实现分类，与对照组比较肾虚组大鼠由于氢化可的松诱导，大鼠机体进入一个过消耗后衰弱的状态，相关代谢发生显著变化，乳酸(δ 1.37)代谢发生堆积；二甲胺(δ 2.72)的含量增加，提示肾虚与肾功能异常是密切相关的；天冬氨酸(δ 2.83)，牛磺酸(δ 3.44， 3.25)，马尿酸(δ 7.84， 7.56， 7.64， 3.97)，肌氨酸(δ 3.87)等的相对积分面积明显下降，这预示糖皮质激素可能引起了肾上腺皮质分泌功能的损害；琥珀酸(δ 2.41)和柠檬酸(δ 2.53， 2.68)是三羧酸循环能量代谢及糖酵解的中间产物，其含量的降低，通常是由于线粒体功能紊乱所引起。

The results show that the hyperthyroidism group has elevated levels of choline, glucose and declined levels of VLDL, LDL, cholesterol, lactate, glycoprotein and alanine in serum samples relative to the healthy group. In urine samples, the hyperthyroidism group show increased levels of glucose, citrate, taurine and creatinine as well as decreased levels of hippurate, trimethylamine-N-oxide, formate and succinate.

结果表明，甲亢组血清中的胆碱、葡萄糖和三甲胺等物质的含量升高，而VLDL，LDL和胆固醇等脂质以及乳酸、糖蛋白和丙氨酸等代谢物的含量下降；甲亢组尿液中的葡萄糖、柠檬酸、牛磺酸以及肌氨酸等代谢物的含量升高，而马尿酸、TMAO、甲酸和琥珀酸等代谢物的含量下降。

The results indicated that the total quantity of volatile components in grape wine after MLF had increased and there were evident difference in the contents and proportion of isoamyl alcohol, 2-ethyl hydracrylic acid, ethyl succinate, and acetic acid in the two kinds of grape wine treated or not treated by MLF. Besides, lactic acid and ethyl lactate, which could not be accurately identified in grape wine not treated by MLF, could be easily separated and identified in grape wine treated by MLF like other main components.

结果表明，MLF葡萄酒较未经MLF的葡萄酒中挥发性成分的总量有所提高；异戊醇、2-羟基丙酸乙酯、琥珀酸乙酯和醋酸在两工艺的葡萄酒中的含量和比例存在明显差异；乳酸、乳酸乙酯和两种未能准确鉴定的物质只在MLF葡萄酒中作为主要成分被分离检测到。

There are two positive results, proton and sodium that has been reported previously, and three candidates including succinate, phosphate and melibiose that was found in this study.

根据节点连结度的分析，找到了五个候选协同输送系统中的中心小分子，其中两个为已知的阳性资料，氢离子与钠离子，其余三个分别为琥珀酸盐，磷酸，蜜二糖，其中以蜜二糖为中心的输送系统只有一个，并不符合本篇所定义的协同输送系统，故舍弃之。

Based on relative literatures,this part has included five resesearch aspects as below.1 Fifteen compounds were isolated and purified by extraction,column chromatography,and their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis: acteoside(Ⅰ-1),isoacteoside(Ⅰ-2),crenatoside(Ⅰ-3),cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4),sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5),adenosine(Ⅰ-6),β-siterol(Ⅰ-7),oleanic acid(Ⅰ-8), succinic acid(Ⅰ-9),caffeic acid(Ⅰ-10),protocatechuic aldehyde(Ⅰ-11),p-hydro xybenzyl alcohol(Ⅰ-12),β-daucosterol(Ⅰ-13),D-galacitol(Ⅰ-14),D-mannitol(Ⅰ-15).Ⅰ-4～15 were obtained from this plant for the first time,andⅠ-6,7,9,and 13 were isolated from Orobanche genus for the first time.2 The scavenging test of DPPH showed that most compounds have comparative antioxidant activity as L-ascorbic acid and part of them show better activity such as the O.coerulescens extract and phenylethanoid glycosides.Acteoside showed potent free radical scavenging effects with a median inhibition concentration of 25.6μg/ml.3 The anti-HBV activities of acteoside,isoacteoside and crenatoside were measured,and all of them showed suppressive activity on the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the HepG2.2.15 cell line.

本论文在文献调研基础上对紫花列当化学成分及生物活性进行了研究，并从免疫抗病毒角度探讨紫花列当中特征性成分类叶升麻苷的肝保护作用及其机制。1采用大孔树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对紫花列当进行系统的植物化学研究，从中分离得到19个化合物，利用UV和NMR等波谱手段及理化性质鉴定了其中的15个化合物，分别为类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-1)、异类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-2)、crenatoside(Ⅰ-3)、cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4)、sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5)、腺苷(Ⅰ-6)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ-7)、齐墩果酸(Ⅰ-8)、琥珀酸(Ⅰ-9)、咖啡酸(Ⅰ-10)、原儿茶醛(Ⅰ-11)、对羟甲基苯甲酸(Ⅰ-12)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ-13)、D-半乳糖醇(Ⅰ-14)和甘露醇(Ⅰ-15除化合物Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3外，其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。2)通过大孔树脂富集该药材有效部位苯乙醇总苷，并采用HPLC测得其所含特征性成分类叶升麻苷的含量可达80%以上。3DPPH自由基清除试验显示紫花列当提取物及其所含的苯乙醇苷类化合物均具有较好的抗氧化能力，其清除DPPH自由基能力接近于抗坏血酸。4采用卡介苗整体致敏、脂多糖离体攻击构建大鼠原代肝细胞免疫性损伤模型，在体外观察类叶升麻苷的保肝作用。

Furthermore, the very significant/nearly identical increase in the ratio of doubling times in dmdm medium in the presence/absence of high concentration of paromomycin was observed in symptomatic or asymptomatic cybrid cell lines carrying the c1494t mutation as compared with the average rate in control cell lines.

结果 来自听力下降者的融合细胞系的线粒体dna标记速率分别比对照组4名成员的12个融合细胞系下降了38％和43％，这一缺陷显然造成了携带c1494t突变的融合细胞（不论来自听力正常者还是来自听力下降者）的细胞总体呼吸率下降，或苹果酸/谷氨酸、琥珀酸/3-磷酸甘油及tmpd/抗坏血酸所始动的呼吸率下降。

To date, only the structures of prokaryotic succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductases, which share a similar enzymatic function with mitochondrial SQR, have been reported, including QFR from E.coli, QFR from Wolinella succinogenes and SQR from E.coli.

在此之前，只有原核生物的琥珀酸泛醌氧化还原酶的结构得到了解析，这包括大肠杆菌的 QFR ， Wolinella succinogenes 细菌中的 QFR 和大肠杆菌的 SQR ，这些蛋白有着与线粒体复合物 II 相类似的酶功能。

In this process, we have discovered a novel N-methylimidazole catalyzed two-component reaction. Dimethyl- and- succinates can be synthesized in moderate yields under mild conditions.

研究中，我们首先发现了一个新的N-甲基咪唑催化的DMAD与原位产生的单取代烯酮的二组分反应，在温和的条件下以中等收率合成了-型和-型的取代亚苄基琥珀酸二甲酯。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。