理论模型

Secondly, the paper does research systematically on the basic theories of MDA, including MDA model architecture, Meta Object Facility, the mapping from metamodel to other formats and Common Warehouse Metamodel. The paper also analyzes detaily the definition, the basic rule and the characteristic of model transformation. Then a standard development flow based on MDA is put forward. The problems about parameterized mapping and partial round-trip engineering are discussed. From the discussion the most optimized method is pointed out.

其次，本文系统深入地研究了 MDA 建模体系、元对象设施 MOF、基于 MOF 的元模型到各种信息格式的映射和公共仓库元模型 CWM 等 MDA 基本理论，分析了模型转换定义、规则及其特征，提出了一个基于 MDA 的开发流程，讨论了在模型转换过程中的"参数化"映射问题和"往返工程"问题，并在多种解决方法中分析出最优解决方法。

This paper introduces the game theory and sets up, based on it, the choice model for the public transportation priority by identifying the function of the payoff and the muster of attendee and stratagem. In addition, it analyses the existence of NASH equilibrium, and puts forward the arithmetic of Iterated Elimination of Strictly Dominated Strategies in the general condition, the Integrated Strategies in the special condition and the flow chart of the model. At last, it verifies the feasibility of the model with the given example.

本文采用了博弈论的理论，通过对公交优先系统中参与者集合N、战略集合S和收益函数u的确定，建立了一种基于博弈论的公交优先技术方案选择博弈模型来量化方案选择问题；在此基础上分析了NASH均衡的存在性，并且给出了一般情况下的重复剔除劣战略和特殊情况下的混合策略两种模型求解方法以及公交优先技术方案选择博弈模型的流程图；最后通过算例分析，验证了博弈模型应用于公交优先技术方案选择的可行性。

Based on the elastic perfectly plasticmodel and elastic-hardening plastic model, constitutive equations arederived from Hinton model, Ottosen model, Chen-Chen model andpresent model for shell element under spatial stress condition.

基于弹塑性理论，根据Hinton模型、Chen-Chen模型、Ottosen模型、本文模型，推导了壳体单元弹塑性本构方程。

The main research work and its results are: 1Empirical results are analysed for the relations of fault displacement and earthquake magnitude, and difference between permanent ground deformation and maxium dynamic relative displacement on the two sides of fault; 2An analytic method is proposed for resopnse of a buried pipeline due to earthquake fault movement; 3A new shell model with an equivalent boundary and relted finite element analysis method are proposed for estimating response of a buried pipeline under large fault movement; 4By the proposed method, damage performance of water supply steel pipelines with large diameter is simulated to the real cases in Kocaeli Earthquake and Ji-Ji Earthquake, and simulating results show the real failure mode of pipes is revealed; 5Effects of overlying soil and soft/hard interlayers are analyzed on ground rupture mode and degree due to earthquake fault, and some earthquake rupture phenomena in soil layers are theoretically described for the first time; 6Pipeline response characters are discussed for the case of considering effects of soil layers on ground rupture mode; 7Research results and proposed method are applied in seismic analysis of pipline acrossing fault in the Gas Tansportation Project from West to East in China.

主要工作和成果包括：1）分析了不同断层位错形式下地表破裂位错量与震级之间的经验关系，并基于集集地震近断层记录分析了断层两侧永久地面变形和地震动相对位移幅值之间的差别，为合理地考虑地震断层位错地面变形动态影响提供了依据；2）发展了断层位错地面大变形下管线反应分析模型并给出物理概念明确、简单实用的解析分析方法；3）建立了断层位错下埋地管线反应分析的等效边界壳模型有限元方法，方法中引入了以非线性弹簧形式模拟离断层较远处管段影响的等效边界，简化了计算模型并突出了近断层处管体反应；4）利用等效边界壳模型方法，对土耳其地震和集集地震中大口径埋地管线震害进行了模拟，结果表明所提方法可以更清地解释震害所表现的管体破坏特征；5）研究了覆盖土层和软硬夹层的存在对断层位错地面破裂形式和程度的影响，首次从理论上解释了某些地震地表破裂现象；6）探讨了考虑土层对断层位错地面变形影响的管体反应特征；7）本项目成果已在西气东输工程的管道跨断层抗震问题分析中得到了应用。

A chemical reaction mechanism model has been established to simulate the combustion process in the cylinder of dual fuel engine. The pilot fuel model has been given to calculate the distribution of the liquid fuel and time of fuel pre-combustion, at the same time, analyzing the important action to the combustion of the natural gas in the combustion chamber of engine, determining the best quantity of pilot fuel.

理论方面，提出了基于化学反应的燃烧模型—多组分气相反应系统的化学反应动力学模型，以此进行双燃料发动机的热力学—化学反应动力计算；引燃油燃烧模型，计算引燃油液滴的分布规律和滞燃期，验证引燃油在双燃料发动机燃烧过程中的作用，揭示不同喷油规律对双燃料发动机的影响，确定在不同负荷下的合理引燃油量；爆震模型，揭示爆震与工质能量释放间的关系和影响爆震的各种运转因素，确定合理的爆震依据，减小爆震倾向。

It's pointed out that soft sensor will play more important role in field bus network control system. According to this, a crude solution was addressed. At last, we point out that soft sensor technology must used to build an information warehouse for the whole enterprise, combined with data fusion, data warehouse, data rectification and other related technologies. The main contributions of this dissertation are as follows: The background, requirement, and application situation of soft sensors are expounded, the theories, methods and skills of soft sensing technology are analyzed, and the fruits and problems in current soft sensor technologies are summarized. Some new methods of soft sensor is proposed: A principal component analysis-based secondary variable selection method are proposed; A new conception which modeling data should have gross error detection is addressed, and then a cluster analysis-based modeling data gross error detection method is given.

本文的主要贡献有：对软测量技术根据实践的要求进行了一定的理论研究，针对具体问题提出了新的方法：讨论了辅助变量选择问题，研究了基于主元分析的辅助变量选择方法，该方法克服了传统方法只能利用数学模型产生的仿真数据进行最优辅助变量选择的缺点，可以根据历史数据进行辅助变量选择；提出了建模数据显著误差侦破的概念，指出传统的显著误差侦破研究的是已知过程数学模型的情况，而建模时数学模型是未知的，但是直接来自现场的数据并不能保证不含显著误差，并用基于聚类分析的方法解决了该问题，该方法利用聚类分析原理，直接面对过程数据，不需以过程模型为基础，在此基础上给出了软测量建模过程中样本数据的处理方法。

The essential point in the theories and applications of product modeling is that an integral data model covering all stages of the life cycle of a product must be established.

产品造型理论及技术的中心在于建立产品在其整个生命周期中的信息模型，包括产品数据模型、产品设计过程模型以及产品设计活动模型。

Firstly, the random walk problem is introduced and the solution is schemed out theoretically. And then, the equivalent RC circuit for thermal analysis is discussed as the IC package is divided into many small blocks at the desired level of granularity. The techniques of analyzing the equivalent RC network by random walk algorithm are then discussed. At the same time, an equivalent model for thermal analysis is set up according to an IC chip. The proposed method is then applied to this model for both steady and transient analysis. Two speedup strategies, pseudo parallel walking and walk results reuse, are proposed sequentially to improve the algorithm performance.

首先简述随机行走问题的基本概念，给出问题的理论解法；然后讨论基于三维网格划分的IC芯片热等效阻容网络模型，着重分析随机行走算法在热等效模型中的应用，并建立一个实际芯片的热等效模型，采用随机行走算法模拟计算模型的稳态温度分布和瞬态温度变化；最后针对随机行走算法应用中的不足，提出了伪并行行走和结果重用2种加速技术。

When the geometric similitude ratio of the model to the prototype was determined and the loading similitude condition was satisfied by using similitude theory in structure modeling and experimental techniques, the prototype soil parameters were derived according to the model test result. The vibrating wheel compelled by harmonic exciting force was treated as a lumped mass vibrating system by equation equity method. By using this mechanical model in vibrating compaction, soil parameters were identified according to the equivalence of vibrating differential equation. The curve fitting method of amplitude versus frequency response was used for dynamic simulation based on the systematic dynamic equation of vibrating roller-soil system.

用相似理论与模型试验法在确定了模型与原型之间的几何相似比并满足载荷相似条件后，根据模型试验结果推导出了原型土体参数；用方程对等法把受简谐激振力作用的振动轮等效为集中质量振动系统，以此作为振动压实过程的力学模型，根据振动微分方程的等效条件进行识别；用幅频特性曲线拟合法以振动压路机－土壤系统动力学方程为基础，用计算机进行动态仿真。

As an often used physical model with good theoretical and practical values, StreeterPhelps model has been widely used to study water quality. However, in some special water areas the utilitization of StreeterPhelps model has some limitation as confirming reaeration coefficient often comes from tests in rivers with fast water flow speed with no consideration of wave effects. Furthermore, in practical research in Three Gorges Reservoir, the changing rule of COD appears abnormally. In some water areas far from pollution source, the value of COD changes with time, but does not follow the exponential attenuation rule. This phenomenon can not be explained by former modified StreeterPhelps model.

StreeterPhelps模型是目前进行河流水质研究常用的物理模型，具有良好的理论和实用价值，然而在某些特定水域，该模型的应用受到限制，主要原因是复氧系数的取定多在水流速度较大情况下得到的，而未考虑水面波动对复氧系数的影响，另外，在实际研究过程中发现三峡库区COD变化的规律出现异常：在离排污口相当远的水域，COD随时间变化趋势并不是指数衰减，而是在某个常值附近微小摆动，以往很多修正过的StreeterPhelps模型都无法解释这个现象。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。