理论模型

Based on the important results obtained from the present research on second degree price discrimination, this dissertation makes a systemic and more practical mathematics study on the side of the manufacturer angels, including further and more deeply research on monopoly manufacturer how to actualize second price discrimination under nonlinear demand function, Nash equilibrium of second degree price discrimination under the condition of competition with different demand functions, monopoly manufacturer how to actualize second

结果表明，其纳什均衡结果存在依赖于两厂商产品的市场占有率，并且两厂商需求区间的分段数越多，其纳什均衡存在的必要条件要求他们的实力越接近；第四章针对实际情况将确定性需求条件下厂商处于完全垄断状态下的二度价格歧视理论研究推广到不确定性需求条件下的二度价格歧视理论研究，更进一步地研究了垄断厂商在线性随机需求条件下的二度价格歧视模型，用计算机模拟了此模型的可行性，分析模拟结果得出了一系列重要结论，最后给出了更具一般性的不确定需求条件下的二度价格歧视模型，并严格证明了此模型的可行性；第五章对全文进行总结。

Taking an Auto company as research object and competency model as guideline of related theories, this paper tells how to use the method of theory and practice to find out the problem in recruiting auto salesman based on competency model, morevover proposes the relative improvement measures according to overhigh turnover rate of auto salesman and uneven quality of employees. Finally,proposing auto salesman recuitment flow based on competency model through analyzing company's auto salesman competency model and finding out recruiting good salesman methord which can reduce turnover radio and improve recruittment efficiency.

本文以某汽车公司为研究对象，以胜任力模型的相关理论为指导，根据该公司汽车销售人员的流动率过高、员工素质参差不齐的现状，运用理论联系实际的方法，找出公司在基于胜任力模型招聘汽车销售人员中存在的问题，并且提出相应的改进措施；最后通过分析公司的汽车销售人员胜任力模型，提出了基于胜任力模型的汽车销售人员的招聘流程，为公司找出了一条用以减少员工流动率，提高招聘效率，招聘优秀销售人员的方法。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

Consequently, it is meaningful to systematically get optimal solving of LRP models. Contribution of the research is the innovation in big scale mathematical calculation of NP-hard problem and it is also the academic foundation of developed city logistics distribution systems on account of electronic commerce. The research has extraordinary significance to developed self-action logistics distribution software in large amount of electronic commerce dealings.

因此对LRP模型进行系统化优化求解研究具有重要的理论价值，其理论意义则在于针对NP-hard模型大规模数值计算的解法突破和创新，同时也是发展基于电子商务的城市物流配送理论的重要理论基础，这将为日后面对巨大交易量的电子商务环境下开发自动物流配送调度系统软件具有非常重要的现实意义。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows:①reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept "sustainable development", stated and commented the study status in queue on"sustainable development"around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept "sustainable development";②looked back and commented across-the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings;③expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory;④thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the MATLAB software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the B-J method and Morte-Carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources;⑤synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming, mathematical statistics, random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality;⑥analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows: correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows: the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water-saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology;⑦scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy;⑧point out the more directions on groundwater resources.

它将为制定水资源的可持续发展目标和战略决策提供科学依据，为制定社会、经济可持续发展战略提供理论基础。基于以上考虑，论文主要从以下几方面对地下水资源可持续开发问题进行了比较深入的探讨：①全面回顾了&可持续发展&概念的由来与演变，对国内外&可持续发展&的研究现状进行了述评，并对&可持续发展&概念的科学内涵进行了深入探讨；②对涉及地下水资源的一些最基本的概念和命题进行了全面的回顾和评述，对目前仍然存在的一些错误观点和混乱认识提出了自己的见解；③全面阐述了地下水资源变值系统理论的内容和意义，并与传统的地下水资源计算评价方法进行了对比分析，结合实例具体说明了方法的应用；④深入分析了地下水资源预测预报工作的极端重要性和复杂性，对传统的地下水资源动态预测方法进行了全面的评述，指出了各类预测预报方法的特点及适用条件，对最近二十多年刚发展起来的小波分析技术的主要思想和方法及其应用范围，以及号称第五代计算机语言的MATLAB软件和附带的小波分析工具箱进行了介绍，并应用于地下水动态过程线的分析，采用时间序列中的B-J法，蒙特卡罗方法，与地下水资源变值系统理论相结合，探讨了地下水动态资料分析和地下水资源预测预报的新思路；⑤综合分析了现今各类地下水管理模型的特点及缺陷，将数学规划、数理统计、随机过程等与地下水变值系统理论相结合进行地表水地下水或多水源的联合优化调度，使模型更准确、更实用；⑥对保证地下水资源可持续开发的内部条件和外部条件进行了分析，内部条件主要是正确的资源观，科学的资源计算与评价方法，可靠的资源预测预报技术，可操作的资源管理措施，外部条件主要是高层发展思路、管理体制的变革、配套的政策法规、经济杠杆的调节、人文素质的提高、节水意识的增强及具体节水措施、人口增长的控制、水体污染的防治、生态的恢复和重建等；⑦从宇宙科学、地球系统科学及哲学的高度审视地下水资源的可持续开发；⑧指出了地下水资源可持续开发的进一步研究方向。

Study modelling thought, network configuration, majorize GNNM(1,1) mode method and learning algorithm of GNNM(1,1) mode combined grey system theory and neural network. Based on tunnel construction settlement monitoring of Nanjing Metro NO1, simulate and forecast monitoring data by GM(1,1) mode and GNNM(1,1) mode.

研究了灰色系统理论与神经网络组合的灰色神经网络GNNM(1，1)模型的建模思想、网络结构及其优化GNNM(1，1)模型的方法和学习算法；结合南京地铁一号线隧道结构沉降监测实例，分别运用灰色系统理论GM(1，1)模型和灰色神经网络GNNM(1，1)模型对监测数据进行了模拟与预报。

In order to fully refect the geo-tech basic mechanics behaviors and to rationally explain the strain localization, this paper establishes the theory framework of gradient-dependent plastic model based on the theory framework of gradient-dependent plastic mechanics and in considering the plastic strain's gradient-dependence in double yield function, offers a kind of possible concrete pattern of the generalized plas...

为了较全面地反映岩土的基本力学性质，同时合理解释应变局部化现象，本文基于广义塑性力学的理论框架，在双重屈服函数中考虑了塑性应变的梯度依赖，建立了广义塑性梯度模型的理论框架，并给出了广义塑性梯度模型的一种可能的具体形式，分析了该模型的各个模型参数，尤其是其中的&局部化参数&的物理意义和可能对其产生影响的因素。

Besides, a method has been creatively proposed to process stratum rupture using cross-ring. Bridge-edge and stratum area decompounding method has been used to solve reverse fault issue, and the applying problem basing on state machine model has been resolved by using a function class mechanism. It supplies a new idea and new method for reservoir stochastic modeling. At the same time, the geology stochastic modeling theory system has been enriched and improved. It has important academic and practical meaning in deepening reservoir development geology stochastic modeling theory and increasing remaining oil research extent.

该软件创造性地提出用相交环线概念来处理地层撕裂；用桥边及地层面区域子分的概念来处理带有逆断层的地层撕裂；用功能类机制及相应的消息分发模型，来解决基于状态机模型的应用问题等理论，为储层随机建模研究提供了新思路和新方法，进一步丰富、完善了储层随机建模的理论体系，对深化油田开发地质随机建模理论及加大剩余油挖潜力度具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。

Synthetically considering these characteristics, the method of freeway management and control are presented according to four aspects: system objective orientation and concept design, system demand and requirement analysis, system data management and network structure, traffic control and accident detecting theory as well as its application. Function and structure of system are delimitated from the point view of integration. Construction and function demand of subsystem are analyzed and basic implement projects are presented. In this thesis, system data flow and management method and target which based on system network topology structure and equipment demand are described. Traffic modeling ideology and the process of making dynamic model as well as accident detecting program are presented with centralized and distributed traffic control theory in detail, then freeway ramp control theory which based on predictive model and its theoretic pattern are explored. Finally, based on the object oriented programming, program of accident detecting and checking on freeway is developed by using visual C++ as tool.

论文综合考虑高速公路交通管理系统的上述特征，分别从系统目标定位及概念设计、系统需求分析、系统数据管理及网络结构分析、交通控制与交通事件检测理论与应用四个层面，对高速公路交通管理与控制问题进行了系统阐述，界定了系统的功能及各功能的实现要求，并从系统集成角度划分了系统的结构；分析了各子系统的信息、功能、建设等方面的需求，给出了基本实施方案要求；对系统数据流程进行了描述和梳理，提出了数据管理的方法、目标及措施，分析、设计了系统网络拓扑结构及设备需求；阐述了交通模型的建模思想和动态交通模型的建立过程，对集中式和分散式全局交通控制理论进行了详细的分析，提出了基于预测的高速公路匝道控制理论，并对理论模式及相关的问题进行了研究，分析了高速公路事件检测系统，并采用面向对象的编程思想，以Visual C++为编写工具，开发了高速公路事件检测系统分析软件。

There are four parts in this thesis: the first mainly describes what in-service teacher education has changed in information age and the relationship between constructivism and web-based in-service teacher education; the second and the third are the main part of this thesis, mainly analyzing scaffolded instruction theory, and constructing a web-based scaffold theory model and its implementation model based these analyses, then discussing some problems those should be noticed in the development of web-based course; the fourth discusses a practical study for how to apply the model into practice.

论文分成四大部分：第一部分主要论述了在信息时代教师继续教育的变化以及建构主义理论与网络化教师继续教育的关系；第二部分和第三部分是论文的主体部分，主要针对支架式教学进行理论分析，并在分析的基础上建构了基于网络的支架模型及其实施模型，然后以此模型为指导论述了网络课程开发应注意的一些问题；然后在第四部分以前面的分析为基础进行了一个实例研究，以进一步探讨此模型的实际可行性。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。