理论模型

Field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and poresizer indicate the nanotubes are formed due to the competition of tin monoxide formation and dissolution under the assistance of electric field. The formation mechanism of nanotubes agrees with the theoretic model of oxidation-dissolution.

经场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射和孔径分析仪分析显示，阳极氧化的前聚体是氧化亚锡，通过在空气中加热转化为二氧化锡，在详细研究制备条件和氧化锡孔道形貌的基础上，提出了氧化锡纳米孔的生成机理符合氧化溶解理论模型。

Based on a detailed analysis of the AFM diamond tip asperity cutting mechanism, in addition to the three-sided pyramidal diamond tip's geometry shape, a theoretical model is put forward for the case of calculating the normal force, cutting force, material flow strength and the frictional factor along the tip-workpiece interface.

提出了一个基于原子力显微镜三棱边金字塔形金刚石针尖的几何形状及与材料之间的单点切削机理所建立的理论模型，用以估算施加于金刚石针尖的法向力和切向力以及材料的屈服强度。

In order to make the best of limited traffic detectors, understand the traffic performance of urban road network, and then take effective management measures, the paper puts forward a loop detector-layout method called "close-loop", and a method for estimating link traffic flow and OD matrix for local urban road network. A theoretical model is established based on the stability test of turning split of intersections by real data, and the uniqueness of assigned link flow and OD matrix is discussed.

为利用有限的交通采集设备，实现全面掌握城市路网交通运行状况、快速有效制定管理措施的目的，提出了一种&封闭环&式检测线圈布设方式和城市局域路网交通量与OD矩阵估计方法，以交叉口转弯比例稳定性实证研究为基础，建立理论模型，并探讨路段分配流量和OD估计唯一性问题。

By using Fourier Optics a theoretical model based on single-pass compression is set up for the study of the pulse-front distortion. For the first time the effects of the pulse-front distortion on the spatial-temporal properties of the output pulse from the compressors.

利用傅立叶光学方法，建立了一个基于单程压缩构型的研究脉冲前沿畸变效应的理论模型，首次分析不同种脉冲前沿畸变效应对于压缩器输出脉冲的近场时空特性的影响。

On the basis of experiments, the patterns of penetration of a long tube against a normal homogeneous semi-infinite target were described.

长管体侵彻靶板有明显的特殊现象，根据试验结果描述了长管体垂直侵彻半无限靶板的物理图像，建立了侵彻阶段的理论模型、进行了计算，并同长杆体进行了对比，计算与试验结果吻合较好。

The translated SWLS should be used on three dimensions for Chinese adults while SLCS-R (The Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale Revised Version) should be used on one dimension.;the self-esteem could not be used as a significant influential factor on life satisfaction in the Chinese culture.

结果表明( 1)参照Heckhauen和Shultz的理论模型编制的控制策略量表具有良好的信度和构念效度，适合对我国成年人进行测评；(2)中文版生活满意度量表( Satisfaction WithLife Scale， SWLS和自尊量表(The Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale RevisedVersion，SLCS-R)的信、效度指标显示，两者分别应该在三个维度正性自尊、自我不喜欢、自我服胜似春口一个维度上对我国成年人进行测量。

The translated SWLS should be used on three dimensions for Chinese adults while SLCS-R (The Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale Revised Version) should be used on one dimension.; the self-esteem could not be used as a significant influential factor on life satisfaction in the Chinese culture.

结果表明：(1)参照Heckhauen和Shultz的理论模型编制的控制策略量表(Control Strategy Scale，CSS)具有良好的信度和构念效度，适合对我国成年人进行测评；(2)中文版生活满意度量表(Satisfaction With Life Scale，SWLS)和自尊量表(The Self-Liking／Self-Competence Scale Revised Version，SLCS-R)的信、效度指标显示，两者分别应该在三个维度正性自尊、自我不喜欢、自我

Single factor experiments were done with the factors including the width of protrusion and the trolley's velocity, which showed that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the width of protrusion increasing, and doesn't change with the trolley's velocity changing, which was consistent with the results of the orthogonal experiment. A theoretical model of the horizontal projection of a corrugated bionic surface's contact area was built, which showed that the contact area's horizontal projection decreases with width and interval increasing respectively and that the ratio of the contact area's horizontal projection and the vertical load decreases with the vertical load increasing. It indicated that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the above three factors increasing respectively. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a plate and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that the plate frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with vertical surface pressure and that trolley's pull and vertical displacement of bionic surface's control pilot keep constant almost during the plate being pulled. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a corrugated bionic surface and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that surface frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with bionic surface's structural parameters and vertical pressure increasing. However, the three factors all didn't affect the surface frictional coefficient remarkably on the condition of 90% dependability. For the first time, bionic surfaces were applied to screw piles, which formed bionic screw piles, and the contrast experiments showed the bionic screw pile had certain resistance-decreasing effects.

建立了波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的接触面积的水平投影的理论模型，表明接触面积的水平投影A随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距的增大而减小，接触面积的水平投影与波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷之比随着波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，进而得出仿生曲面摩擦系数随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；利用ANSYS软件对平板与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明平板摩擦系数与土壤弹性模量关系不大，而随着表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；平板牵引过程中台车牵引力和仿生曲面控制节点垂直方向位移基本保持不变；利用ANSYS软件对波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明波纹型仿生曲面系数在一定范围内基本不受土壤弹性模量的影响，随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，但在可信度为90％的前提下，三个因素影响都不显著；首次将波纹型仿生曲面应用于与土壤作用方式以挤压为主的螺旋桩，形成仿生螺旋桩，并与普通螺旋桩进行了沉桩对比试验，表明波纹型仿生曲面应用于螺旋桩桩体表面具有明显的降阻作用。

Both the fundamental mathematical formulation and the computer code have been verified by comparing numerical results with test measurements of a drying sand column.

通过数值分析与干沙试验结果之比较，验证了文中之理论模型和计算机程序的可靠性。

According to the theoretical models, and measured spectral results, the diagnostic method of laser-produced plasma's kinetic parameters was also pointed out.

并基于理论模型及实验结果、探讨了一些诊断激光等离子体状态参数的手段和方法。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。