理论上的

The segment arrangement on circular curves has proven theoretical support;the segment arrangement on transition curves,however,has no theoretical support and is usually executed by means of VMT systems equipped on shield machines.

对于圆曲线的管片排版已有了相对较为成熟的理论，而缓和曲线上的管片排版以往通常是根据盾构机VMT来选择，没有成型的理论支持，为此，结合测量理论和弯环管片的实际，探索出在缓和曲线上准确选择弯环管片理论排版的方法。

The segment arrangement on circular curves has proven theoretical support; the segment arrangement on transition curves, however, has no theoretical support and is usually executed by means of VMT systems equipped on shield machines. On basis of the relevant survey theories and the actual conditions of the turning rings, the author probes into the segment arrangement on transition curves in the paper.

对于圆曲线的管片排版已有了相对较为成熟的理论，而缓和曲线上的管片排版以往通常是根据盾构机VMT来选择，没有成型的理论支持，为此，结合测量理论和弯环管片的实际，探索出在缓和曲线上准确选择弯环管片理论排版的方法。

Based on a lot of empirical analysis, the author summerizes that the historical premises of mergers in the United States include of the development of modern-enterprise、the technical innovation、the expansile demand and the development of capital market, surveys the developments and characters of mergers in the United States. From Marx's capital concentration theory to the arguments between structure school and conduct school, from the theories of economists at the present age abroad to the achievements of the learned men in China. the author surveys the theorical developments of merger. Making a clear definition of the concept and premises of self-organizational merger on the hypothesis that enterprise is a kind of self-organization, futhermore, the author constructs the theoretical frame of self-organizational merger.

主要内容有：在对大量实证材料分析的基础上，归纳出美国企业兼并的历史前提是现代企业形成与发展、技术上的创新、市场需求的扩大和资本市场的发展，阐释了美国企业兼并的历程与特点；从马克思的资本集中理论，到结构主义与行为主义的争论与分歧，从当代经济学家们的若干理论，到中国学者对企业兼并的认识，跟踪考察了企业兼并理论的起源与发展；从企业是自组织系统的假设出发，界定了企业自组织兼并的内涵，提出了企业自组织兼并存在的条件体系，构建了市场结构、企业自组织兼并行为、产业绩效、政府调控的企业自组织兼并理论的SCPG分析框架，分析了企业自组织兼并理论的贡献。

According to them, the author analyzed the inevitability of the process of restriction against freedom of fishing on the high seas with the view of theory and reality respectively.

然后，针对上述历史原因和理论基础，文章相应地介绍了现代国际环境法上的两个著名理论--"绝对稀缺理论"和"公共地悲剧理论"。

Geometry now is, in large part, the study of structures on manifolds that have a geometric meaning, in the sense of the principle of covariance that lies at the root of general relativity theory in theoretical physics.

现在是几何，在很大程度上是结构的研究流形上具有几何意义，在意义上的原则协在于从根本上广义相对论理论在理论物理。

As the evolution of economics, new classical economics has been grown for three stages in natural monopoly, and they are economics of scales, economics of scopes and subadditivity of costs in turn. We review and analyze these thoughts and theories about natural monopoly, and then forecast the trend of natural monopoly theory based on the new institute economics.

本文在对这些理论加以梳理、分析之后，借助新制度经济学的理论和分析工具，预测了自然垄断理论的发展趋势，那就是自然垄断成因由技术成本因素过度到交易成本因素，自然垄断形成机制是在经济学上的自增强机制以及交易成本约束下的一体化理论下完成的，这与先验性的决定自然垄断然后再在行政上加以规制是不同的。

Although realism is the most practical and most complete interpretive theory under the anarchic condition, but it becomes tenuity in explaining cause and effect after Waltz's structural realism came into existence, and this mainly because of the absence of Waltz 's structural realism in domestic political study.

本文讨论的是沃尔兹结构现实主义在国内政治研究上的缺失。作者认为现实主义作为无政府状态下最实用、最全面的解释性理论发展到沃尔兹结构现实主义理论后，之所以出现因果解释上的贫乏，主要因为该理论在国内政治研究上的缺失。

In short, this explorative study for self-identity concept, theory and practice is for the purpose of (1) trying to unitarily understand self-identity concept, in turn to minutely examine the new development of self-identity theory, and to introduce self-identity theories and research methods in western psychology to domestic psychology in order to cause the interest of domestic psychologist to self-identity thesis; and (2) through the empirical study on self-identity of college student, revealing the meaning of self-identity to student development, and the personality characteristics of self-identity status of student, and the characteristics and influential factors of student self-identity development, and the relationship between student self-identity status and mental health condition in order to provide the measurement of empirical study and systematic study data for self-identity researches, in turn to provide basis of theory and method for setting up the theoretical model of Chinese students self-identity; and (3) making up the gaps in empirical researches on self-identity in domestic psychology, opening up a new research domain in colleges and universities student psychology, and enrich the theory on student development researches.

总之，本文对自我同一性概念、理论和实践进行探索性研究，旨在(1)尝试对自我同一性作整合统一的理解并在此基础上，详细考察自我同一性理论的新发展，试图将西方心理学自我同一性理论的发展引入国内心理学，以引起国内学者更多的关注；(2)通过对大学生自我同一性的研究，揭示自我同一性对大学生发展的含义、大学生自我同一性状态的人格特征、大学生自我同一性发展的特征和影响因素、大学生自我同一性状态与心理健康水平的关系，进而为自我同一性的研究提供实证研究的测量工具以及系统的实证资料，为建立中国大学生自我同一性的理论模型提供理论和方法上的基础；(3)弥补国内自我同一性实证研究的空白，开辟大学生心理学研究的新领域，丰富大学生发展研究的理论；(4)当代大学生自我同一性问题的研究既是青年心理学、教育心理学和学校心理学的重要课题，也能为大学生发展和大学教育实践提供心理学依据，特别是在强调创新教育和推进大学素质教育的今天具有重要的实践意义。

The research which is the important part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser is composed of two main parts: 1. the gain part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, which in fact is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, its output characteristics are discussed both in theory and experiment, and the differences are also discussed between theory and experiment; 2. the saturated absorber part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, also the part to narrow the line width of the fiber laser. The line-width narrowing mechanism in fiber laser induced by unpumped Er-doped fiber is presented from the aspect of coupling wave equation, and the main factor is considered as the standing wave induced by interference. The line-width is narrower when the standing wave is stronger, and the narrowing effect disappears with the disappearance of the standing wave. In the experiment, when adding a Faraday mirror in the laser cavity to remove the standing wave , the narrowing effect disappears. So the theory is proved by the result of the experiment.

本课题的研究内容是集成光学声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的重要组成部分，主要分两部分：1、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中增益部分的研究，相当于对掺铒光纤放大器的研究，理论上对掺铒光纤放大器的输出特性进行分析，实验上实现了掺铒光纤放大器系统，并将实验数据与理论计算数据进行对比，分析了误差产生原因；2、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中饱和吸收体部分的研究，即压窄光纤激光器输出线宽的研究，从耦合波方程出发，理论上解释了未泵浦掺铒光纤压窄光纤激光器线宽的原理，分析了影响该作用的主要因素是未泵浦掺铒光纤中相对传输的光干涉形成的驻波：驻波越强，压窄效果越好，相反当没有驻波时，没有压窄效果，在实验上通过在激光器腔内加入法拉第旋转镜使驻波消失，同时压窄效果消失，从而验证了理论分析的正确性。

In the second part of the paper, the sport techniques of the flight elements was analysised in-depth theoretically by the movement technical structure:①the giant swing was first analysised in mechanics by applying the Kane's method, the dynamic equation of 5-link multi-body model was established, and the computer simulation software of the giant swing on the high bar was developed.

其次，作为单杠上飞行动作系统性研究的另一主要方面，本论文对飞行动作一般技术结构中的各技术环节进行了深入的理论分析：①着重对飞行动作准备阶段的回环运动技术进行了动力学分析，主要采用了多体力学理论中的Kane方法，建立了5环节人体回环运动的动力学方程，并应用计算机数值仿真技术研制开发了用于回环运动动力学分析的数值仿真软件，进而以动作实例对回环运动进行了数值仿真与误差分析，其所得到的数值仿真结果能够满足对人体回环运动的动力学分析和仿真要求；②对于飞行动作的撒手技术环节，本论文从人体环节相对运动角度，来分析撒手时人体质心的运动以及撒手时角动量参数，并列举了几种飞行动作撒手技术的基本力学指标；③关于飞行动作的空中技术，论文在总结了空翻转体动力学机理的研究成果基础上，对人体空中运动定量化问题进行了一般性描述，并进一步应用刚体动力学理论，着重建立起了描述空翻与转体技术之间定量化的关系，讨论了空翻转体运动的稳定性及其运动模式的转换问题，它对于定量地评定空翻转体技术以及今后对空翻转体动作进行数值仿真都具有理论上和实践上的重要意义；④关于飞行动作再握技术环节，本论文避免了以再握瞬时性的力学参数指标来描述再握技术特征的简单化途径，提出以再握下摆与回环下摆相对比的方法来研究再握技术，并以飞行动作再握技术的具体实例进行了对比分析，表明再握下摆技术相比回环下摆技术有着相当的困难性和复杂性，运动员对再握下摆过程中各环节的相对运动实施有效的控制，是连接高难动作以及顺利流畅地完成成套动作的关键。

The X-ray diffract was used to analyze the crystal structure of the composite. Results show that after the talc was treated with blend coupling agent, the crystal structure of talc changed, and effect Intercalation phenomenon.

通过X射线衍射分析可知，用混合偶联剂对滑石粉进行预处理后，滑石粉晶体结构发生改变，产生了插层现象，使PP／滑石粉复合材料为纳米复合材料。

An authentic Maui wedding might require the services of a 'kahu', which is a Hawaiian minister.

毛伊可能需要一个真实婚礼服务'kahu'，这是夏威夷部长。